Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33992856›Full record

ReviewPhysica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)2021

A review of deep learning based methods for medical image multi-organ segmentation.

Yabo Fu, Yang Lei, Tonghe Wang, Walter J Curran, Tian Liu, Xiaofeng Yang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Recent advances in applying machine learning to proton radiotherapy.Biomedical physics & engineering express · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Deep learning in MRI-guided radiation therapy: A systematic review.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2024
    Pooled it
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  18. Artificial Intelligence Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2025
    Review
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yabo FuDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yang LeiDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Tonghe WangDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Walter J CurranDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Tian LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Xiaofeng YangDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: xiaofeng.yang@emory.edu.

Funding

Multiparametric MRI-guided Prostate HDR Brachytherapy with Focal Tumor BoostR01CA215718 · NCI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, XIAOFENG · 2018 to 2022
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA215718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep learning has revolutionized image processing and achieved the-state-of-art performance in many medical image segmentation tasks. Many deep learning-based methods have been published to segment different parts of the body for different medical applications. It is necessary to summarize the current state of development for deep learning in the field of medical image segmentation. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review with a focus on multi-organ image segmentation, which is crucial for radiotherapy where the tumor and organs-at-risk need to be contoured for treatment planning. We grouped the surveyed methods into two broad categories which are 'pixel-wise classification' and 'end-to-end segmentation'. Each category was divided into subgroups according to their network design. For each type, we listed the surveyed works, highlighted important contributions and identified specific challenges. Following the detailed review, we discussed the achievements, shortcomings and future potentials of each category. To enable direct comparison, we listed the performance of the surveyed works that used thoracic and head-and-neck benchmark datasets.

Indexed as

Deep LearningHead and Neck NeoplasmsHeadHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedOrgans at Risk

Identifiers

PMID33992856
PMCPMC8217246

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.