ArticleDose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society
Optimization of Thymoquinone-Loaded Self-Nanoemulsion for Management of Indomethacin-Induced Ulcer.
Article in Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Study of the potential protective efficacy of lactoferrin on indomethacin-induced gastric fundic mucosal injury in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Nanoemulsion as a promising drug delivery strategy for effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current insights.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Curcumin Delivery: A Promising Strategy in The Management of Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Quality by Design and In Silico Approach in SNEDDS Development: A Comprehensive Formulation Framework.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Protective and Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin Loaded Black Cumin (Archives of Razi Institute · 2024Article
- Development of a Multifunctional Oral Dosage Form via Integration of Solid Dispersion Technology with a Black Seed Oil-Based Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2023-05-29Concerns/Issues about Image · Error in Image · Investigation by Company/Institution · Investigation by Third Party · · see also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/542738A8A27CAC2B60C08C12053A3A
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To improve the water solubility of thymoquinone (TQ), a major constituent of Nigella sativa seed oil, a TQ-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was prepared. The SNEDDS formulation was optimized using almond oil (AO) (Oil; X1), tween 80 (surfactant; X2) and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) (cosurfactant; X3) compounds as independent variables. The results showed that the globule size ranged from 65 to 320 nm. In addition, a strong agreement was reached between the system estimation and the experimental values of globule size. To evaluate the gastroprotective effect of optimized TQ-loaded SNEDDS against indomethacin (Indo.)-induced gastric ulcers in comparison with non-emulsified TQ, the ulcer index and histopathological changes were estimated. Optimized TQ-loaded SNEDDS showed improved gastroprotective activity against Indo.-induced ulcers relative to the non-emulsified TQ. In addition, the gastroprotective index was improved by 2-fold in TQ-loaded SNEDDS as compared to non-emulsified TQ. This is attributed to the strong antioxidant and the cytoprotective activities of the TQ. These results demonstrate enhancement of the efficacy of TQ through the optimized SNEDDS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.