ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 259 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
259 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organ-based characterization of B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- B cells and humoral immunity in melanoma: regulatory and autoimmune-like features and implications for immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte/monocyte adsorption in rats with drug-induced colitis : Insights from a downsized bead column and newly formed B cells.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2026Article
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-mediated functional remodeling of antigen-presenting cells: A novel strategy to break tumor immune escape.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- L-asparaginase reversibly suppresses CD40-mediated B cell activation and antigen-presenting function by metabolic restriction.iScience · 2026Article
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Complexity of Soluble Checkpoint Molecules in Modulating Immune-Mediated Diseases and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Immune Regulation in Prostate Cancer: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The TPx Protein ofCells · 2026Article
- Circulating B cell and T cell activation states predict clinical outcomes in melanoma and reveal dynamic immune reinvigoration with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Impact of rituximab-based desensitization on T cell-mediated rejection in ABO-incompatible liver transplantation.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Lyophilizable Thermostable Nano-Aluminum Adjuvant and Combinations Induced Robust Antigen-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Metabolic enzymes and immune receptors as emerging checkpoints in breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical trials, and therapeutic implications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Regulatory B-cell states in NSCLC immunotherapy resistance: mechanisms, spatial context and translational implications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Activation of the Endothelin System in Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplant Recipients-Implications for Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature based on bone morphogenetic protein-related mRNAs for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Therapy-Driven Molecular Evolution of Bladder Cancer: Roles of Cellular Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.