ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2021
Mutations in GBA and LRRK2 Are Not Associated with Increased Inflammatory Markers.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of NLRP3 Pathway, Immune Dysregulation, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic heterogeneity on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Pooled it
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Cell-Free DNA and Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- "Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson's disease".NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- The effect of polygenic risk score on PD risk and phenotype inJournal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Article
- The Molecular Impact of Glucosylceramidase Beta 1 (Gba1) in Parkinson's Disease: a New Genetic State of the Art.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The combined effect of lifestyle factors and polygenic scores on age at onset in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- GPNMB Biomarker Levels in GBA1 Carriers with Lewy Body Disorders.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Article
- Modeling Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 rodents.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
- The combined effect of lifestyle factors and polygenic scores on age at onset in Parkinson's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Glucocerebrosidase Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Review
- Who is at Risk of Parkinson Disease? Refining the Preclinical Phase of GBA1 and LRRK2 Variant Carriers: a Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Approach.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Inflammatory CSF profiles and longitudinal development of cognitive decline in sporadic and GBA-associated PD.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Peripheral inflammatory immune response differs among sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Immune Response Modifications in the Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease: What Do We Know?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immunogenetic Determinants of Parkinson's Disease Etiology.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- GBA1 and The Immune System: A Potential Role in Parkinson's Disease?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation and Immune Changes in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is an integral part of neurodegeneration including in Parkinson's disease (PD). Ashkenazi Jews have high rates of genetic PD with divergent phenotypes among GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD. The role of inflammation in the prodromal phase of PD and the association with disease phenotype has yet to be elucidated.
objectiveTo assess central and peripheral cytokines among PD patients with mutations in the LRRK2 and GBA genes and among non-manifesting carriers (NMC) of these mutations in order to determine the role of inflammation in genetic PD.
methodsThe following cytokines were assessed from peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and INF- γ. A comprehensive intake including general medical conditions, use of anti-inflammatory treatments, motor and cognitive assessments and additional laboratory measures were recorded, enabling the construction of the MDS probable prodromal score.
resultsData from 362 participants was collected: 31 idiopathic PD (iPD), 30 LRRK2-PD, 77 GBA-PD, 3 homozygote GBA-PD, 3 GBA-LRRK2-PD, 67 LRRK2-NMC, 105 GBA-NMC, 14 LRRK2-GBA-NMC, and 32 healthy controls. No between-group differences in peripheral or CSF cytokines were detected. No correlation between disease characteristics or risk for prodromal PD could be associated with any inflammatory measure.
conclusionIn this study, we could not detect any evidence on dysregulated immune response among GBA and LRRK2 PD patients and non-manifesting mutation carriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.