ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
Associations between nut intake, cognitive function and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in older adults in the United States: NHANES 2011-14.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nut Consumption and Depression: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses in Two Cohorts of Older Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of nuts intake on cognitive and executive function in obese children: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Lifespan approaches for the prevention and management of steatotic liver disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Nut Intake, Functional Limitations, and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Findings From NHANES 2003-2012.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and cognitive function: findings from a prospective study in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Mitochondria at the Crossroads: Linking the Mediterranean Diet to Metabolic Health and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to NAFLD.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A narrative review about cognitive impairment in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Another matter to face through a holistic approach.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Environmental, Metabolic, and Nutritional Factors Concerning Dementia in African American and Hispanic American Populations.The American journal of medicine · 2024Review
- Augmenting the National Nutrition Data System to Promote Diet Sustainability Analyses.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Analysis of the association between urinary glyphosate exposure and fatty liver index: a study for US adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations of MRI-based cortical thickness and surface area relation to NAFLD.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Review
- Relationship between diet quality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease predictor indices in Iranian patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Believe It or 'Nutrients · 2023Review
- Role of Nutrition in the Etiopathogenesis and Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in a Group of Obese Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Impact of Nut Consumption on Cognition across the Lifespan.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Prediction of MAFLD and NAFLD using different screening indexes: A cross-sectional study in U.S. adults.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNuts are nutrient-rich and reported to provide some cognitive and cardiometabolic health benefits, but limited studies have focused on older adults. This study investigated the cross-sectional relationship between habitual nut intake, dietary pattern and quality, cognition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in older adults.
methodsOlder adults (≥ 60 years) from the NHANES 2011-12 and 2013-14 cohorts, who had complete data on cognitive function (as CERAD total, delayed recall, animal fluency and digit-symbol substitution test) and variables to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), an indicator of NAFLD, were included (n = 1848). Nut intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015) were determined using two 24-hour diet recalls. Participants were categorised into one of four groups based on their habitual nut intake: non-consumers (0 g/d), low intake (0.1-15.0 g/d), moderate intake (15.1-30.0 g/d) or met recommendation (> 30 g/d), with all outcomes compared between these nut intake groups.
resultsCognitive scores of older adults were the lowest in non-consumers and significantly highest in the moderate intake group, with no further increase in those who consumed nuts more than 30 g/d (p < 0.007). FLI was the lowest among older adults with moderate nut intake but the associations disappeared after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.329). Moderate nut intake was also associated with better immediate and delayed memory in older adults with high risk of NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) (B = 1.84 and 1.11, p < 0.05 respectively). Higher nutrient intake and better diet quality (p < 0.001) were seen with higher nut intake but did not influence energy from saturated fat intake. Factor analysis revealed 'Nuts and oils' as one of the four major dietary patterns associated with better cognition and lower FLI scores.
conclusionsModerate nut intake (15.1-30.0 g/d) may be sufficient for better cognitive performance, but not NAFLD risk of older adults in the US.
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Registered trials
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