Evidence mapPaperPMID 34006607Full record

SynthesisBMJ open diabetes research & care2021

Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in pre-diabetes: a systematic review.

Varo Kirthi, Anugraha Perumbalath, Emily Brown, Sarah Nevitt, Ioannis N Petropoulos, Jamie Burgess, Rebecca Roylance, Daniel J Cuthbertson, Timothy L Jackson, Rayaz A Malik and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Pooled it
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  6. Trial
  7. Trial
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  13. Article
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  16. Prediabetes.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Varo KirthiFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK Uazman.Alam@liverpool.ac.uk v.kirthi@nhs.net.ORCID 0000-0003-4322-1017
Anugraha PerumbalathDepartment of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Emily BrownDepartment of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Sarah NevittDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Ioannis N PetropoulosResearch Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Jamie BurgessDepartment of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Rebecca RoylanceEdge Hill University Library, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Daniel J CuthbertsonDepartment of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Timothy L JacksonFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Rayaz A MalikResearch Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0002-7188-8903
Uazman AlamDepartment of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Uazman.Alam@liverpool.ac.uk v.kirthi@nhs.net.
University of Liverpool · GBKing's College London · GBEdge Hill University · GBUniversity of Manchester · GBWeill Cornell Medical College in Qatar · QA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is growing evidence of excess peripheral neuropathy in pre-diabetes. We aimed to determine its prevalence, including the impact of diagnostic methodology on prevalence rates, through a systematic review conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive electronic bibliographic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 1, 2020. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. An evaluation was undertaken by method of neuropathy assessment. After screening 1784 abstracts and reviewing 84 full-text records, 29 studies (9351 participants) were included. There was a wide range of prevalence estimates (2%-77%, IQR: 6%-34%), but the majority of studies (n=21, 72%) reported a prevalence ≥10%. The three highest prevalence estimates of 77% (95% CI: 54% to 100%), 71% (95% CI: 55% to 88%) and 66% (95% CI: 53% to 78%) were reported using plantar thermography, multimodal quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction tests, respectively. In general, studies evaluating small nerve fiber parameters yielded a higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy. Due to a variety of study populations and methods of assessing neuropathy, there was marked heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates. Most studies reported a higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in pre-diabetes, primarily of a small nerve fiber origin, than would be expected in the background population. Given the marked rise in pre-diabetes, further consideration of targeting screening in this population is required. Development of risk-stratification tools may facilitate earlier interventions.

Indexed as

Peripheral Nervous System DiseasesPrediabetic StateHumansPrevalenceResearch Designdiabetes complicationsdiabetic neuropathiesneurologypre-diabetic state

Identifiers

PMID34006607
PMCPMC8137250
OpenAlexW3161971216

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.