ReviewExperimental eye research2021
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unilateral childhood-onset glaucoma associated with Phelan-McDermid syndrome.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Myeloid deficiency of RORα exacerbates lipid dysregulation and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Potential of Fenofibric Acid as Topical Eye Drops for Management of Dry Eye Syndrome.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Statins and Fibrates in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Contemporary Clinical Narrative Review (2020-2025).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Network Analysis of Convergent and Specific Molecular Pathways of Nutraceuticals with Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potential in Glaucoma.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chiglitazar Activates PPAR-α/γ to Suppress Oxidative Stress and Angiogenesis in Corneal Neovascularization.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diabetic keratopathy and nuclear proteins (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Fenofibrate and Diabetic Retinopathy.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
- Evaluating lipid-lowering drug targets for full-course diabetic retinopathy.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Sustained release of a novel non-fibrate PPARα agonist from microparticles for neuroprotection in murine models of age-related macular degeneration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AQUEOUS HUMOR AND SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF BDNF AND PPARG GENETIC VARIANTS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS.Acta clinica Croatica · 2025Review
- Expression and Secretion of Intraocular Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (ioFABP4) and 5 (ioFABP5) Are Regulated by Glucose Levels and Fatty Acids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Retinal ischemic diseases and promising therapeutic molecular targets.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- The endocannabinoid system and ophthalmic pathologies: a review of molecular mechanisms and its implications for clinical practice.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring novel roles of lipid droplets and lipid metabolism in regulating inflammation and blood-brain barrier function in neurological diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pemafibrate Induces a Low Level of PPARα Agonist-Stimulated mRNA Expression of ANGPTL4 in ARPE19 Cell.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- FABP4 Is an Indispensable Factor for Regulating Cellular Metabolic Functions of the Human Retinal Choroid.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Familial partial lipodystrophy resulting from loss-of-function PPARγ pathogenic variants: phenotypic, clinical, and genetic features.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Potential therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on corneal diseases.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. PPARs are linked to various diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glaucoma and atherosclerosis. In the past decade, numerous studies have assessed the functional properties of PPARs in the eye and key PPAR mechanisms have been discovered, particularly regarding the retina and cornea. PPARγ and PPARα are well established in their functions in ocular homeostasis regarding neuroprotection, neovascularization, and inflammation, whereas PPARβ/δ isoform function remains understudied. Naturally, studies on PPAR agonists and antagonists, associated with ocular pathology, have also gained traction with the development of PPAR synthetic ligands. Studies on PPARs has significantly influenced novel therapeutics for diabetic eye disease, ocular neuropathy, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this review, therapeutic potentials and implications will be highlighted, as well as reported adverse effects. Further investigations are necessary before any of the PPARs ligands can be utilized, in the clinics, to treat eye diseases. Future research on the prominent role of PPARs will help unravel the complex mechanisms involved in order to prevent and treat ocular diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.