ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2021
Innate immunity in hepatitis B and D virus infection: consequences for viral persistence, inflammation, and T cell recognition.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and biomarker profiles of HBV/HDV coinfection and occult HBV infection among patients attending Bimbilla Hospital, Northern Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Chronic HDV Infection Shows Higher HBsAg Isoform Levels than HBV Infection, Paralleling HDV Replicative Activity.Viruses · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Management Strategies of Hepatocarcinogenesis Driven by Chronic Hepatitis B Comorbid with Type 2 Diabetes.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Innate immune recognition and evasion strategies of hepatitis B virus: from DNA to RNA and viral proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Host Immune Response in Chronic Hepatitis Delta: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Downregulation of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression Among Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Human Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immunity in hepatitis B virus infection: A focused review.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Deciphering Host-Virus Interactions and Advancing Therapeutics for Chronic Viral Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Hepatitis D virus infection triggers CXCL9-11 upregulation in hepatocytes and liver infiltration of CXCR3+ CD4 T cells.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- HBsAg and TLR7/8 dual-targeting antibody-drug conjugates induce sustained anti-HBV activity in AAV/HBV mice: a preliminary study.Antibody therapeutics · 2024Article
- Hepatocytes and the art of killing Plasmodium softly.Trends in parasitology · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Mini Review.Viruses · 2024Review
- Nerve Growth Factor and the Role of Inflammation in Tumor Development.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Nuclear RPSA senses viral nucleic acids to promote the innate inflammatory response.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The scientific basis of combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B functional cure.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Strain-specific responsiveness of hepatitis D virus to interferon-alpha treatment.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Article
- Non-organ-specific autoantibodies with unspecific patterns are a frequent para-infectious feature of chronic hepatitis D.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- High HBV-DNA serum levels are associated with type 2 diabetes in adults with positive HBsAg: An observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Many Ways to Communicate-Crosstalk between the HBV-Infected Cell and Its Environment.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic infections with human hepatitis viruses continue to be a major health burden worldwide. Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and of antiviral agents efficiently suppressing HBV replication, more than 250 million people are currently chronically infected with this hepatotropic DNA virus, and resolution of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is rarely achieved. Moreover, coinfection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a human RNA satellite virus requiring the envelope proteins of HBV for productive viral spreading, substantially aggravates the disease course of CHB. The molecular mechanisms by which these viruses interact with each other and with the intrinsic innate responses of the hepatocytes are not fully understood. While HBV appears to avoid innate immune recognition, HDV elicits a strong enhancement of innate responses. Notwithstanding, such induction does not hamper HDV replication but contributes to liver inflammation and pathogenesis. Intriguingly, HDV appears to influence the ability of T cells to recognize infected hepatocytes by boosting antigen presentation. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding how these viruses can shape and counteract the intrinsic innate responses of the hepatocytes, thus affecting the immune system and pathogenesis. Understanding the distinct strategies of persistence that HBV and HDV have evolved is central for advancing the development of curative therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.