Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34024231›Full record

ArticleAutophagy2021

Modulating FKBP5/FKBP51 and autophagy lowers HTT (huntingtin) levels.

Barbara J Bailus, Stephen M Scheeler, Jesse Simons, Maria A Sanchez, Kizito-Tshitoko Tshilenge, Jordi Creus-Muncunill, Swati Naphade, Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez, Ningzhe Zhang, Kuruwitage Lakshika Madushani and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autophagy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Hsp90: A means to an end.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026
    Review
  4. FKBP51: A new target for Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Neurobiology of stress · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Small molecule modulation of p75Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Barbara J BailusThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Stephen M ScheelerThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Jesse SimonsThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Maria A SanchezThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Kizito-Tshitoko TshilengeThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Jordi Creus-MuncunillDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Swati NaphadeThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Alejandro Lopez-RamirezThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Ningzhe ZhangThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4276-2962
Kuruwitage Lakshika MadushaniThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Stanislav MorozThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Ashley LoureiroThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Katherine H SchreiberThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Felix HauschInstitute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3710-8838
Brian K KennedyThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Michelle E EhrlichDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Lisa M EllerbyThe Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.

Funding

Training in Basic Research on Aging and Age-Related DiseaseT32AG000266 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI Lisa M Ellerby · 1998 to 2026
$13.8M
Identifying Factors Regulating Medium Spiny Neuron Differentiation or Maintenance as Therapeutic Targets for Huntington's Disease using Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsR01NS100529 · NINDS · BUCK INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON AGING · PI Lisa M Ellerby · 2016 to 2026
$5.6M
Genetic Correction of Mutant Huntingtin in VivoR01NS094422 · NINDS · BUCK INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON AGING · PI ELLERBY, LISA M · 2016 to 2020
$2.1M
NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000266NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS094422NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS100529
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current disease-modifying therapies for Huntington disease (HD) focus on lowering mutant HTT (huntingtin; mHTT) levels, and the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin is an intriguing therapeutic for aging and neurological disorders. Rapamycin interacts with FKBP1A/FKBP12 and FKBP5/FKBP51, inhibiting the MTORC1 complex and increasing cellular clearance mechanisms. Whether the levels of FKBP (FK506 binding protein) family members are altered in HD models and if these proteins are potential therapeutic targets for HD have not been investigated. Here, we found levels of FKBP5 are significantly reduced in HD R6/2 and zQ175 mouse models and human HD isogenic neural stem cells and medium spiny neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, FKBP5 interacts and colocalizes with HTT in the striatum and cortex of zQ175 mice and controls. Importantly, when we decreased FKBP5 levels or activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches, we observed reduced levels of mHTT in our isogenic human HD stem cell model. Decreasing FKBP5 levels by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition increased LC3-II levels and macroautophagic/autophagic flux, suggesting autophagic cellular clearance mechanisms are responsible for mHTT lowering. Unlike rapamycin, the effect of pharmacological inhibition with SAFit2, an inhibitor of FKBP5, is MTOR independent. Further,

Indexed as

AutophagyHuntington DiseaseAnimalsHuntingtin ProteinMechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1MiceNeuronsTacrolimus Binding ProteinsHuntingtin ProteinMechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1Tacrolimus Binding ProteinsAutophagyfkbp12.6/fkbp1bfkbp12/fkbp1afkbp51/fkbp5fkbp52/fkbp4Huntington diseaseinduced pluripotent stem cellsSAFit2

Identifiers

PMID34024231
PMCPMC8726715

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.