ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Exosomes From Packed Red Cells Induce Human Mast Cell Activation and the Production of Multiple Inflammatory Mediators.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Red Blood Cell-Derived Exosomes Deliver Complement C5 to Exacerbate Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Aberrant Activation of Mast Cells: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets for Intervention.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- The Roles of Exosomes in Anti-Cancer Drugs.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury: from Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Significance of Mast Cell Exosomes (MC-EXOs) in Immune Response Coordination.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Pancreatic Cancer: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Players in Intercellular Communication: Relevance in Mast Cell-Mediated Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most blood transfusion-related adverse reactions involve the immunologic responses of recipients to exogenous blood components. Extracellular vesicles isolated from packed red cells can affect the recipient's immune system. Mast cells are traditionally known as effector cells for allergic transfusion reactions. However, growing evidence supports the notion that activated mast cells might disturb host innate immunologic responses. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle. To determine the effect of exosomes on mast cells, we enriched exosomes derived from volunteer plasma (EXs-nor) and packed red cells (EXs-RBCs) using ultracentrifugation and incubated them with a human mast cell line (HMC-1). We found that EXs-RBC exposure increased the expression of tryptase-1 and prostaglandin D2, the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, and the levels of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in HMC-1 cells. MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125) and a TLR-3/dsRNA complex inhibitor reduced the EXs-RBC-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in HMC-1 cells, whereas the TLR-3 agonist [poly (A:U)] elevated the production of these mediators. These results indicate that EXs-RBCs activate HMC-1 cells and elicit the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, partly
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