Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34031393›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

PKC-phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers phase separation and controls presynaptic active zone structure.

Javier Emperador-Melero, Man Yan Wong, Shan Shan H Wang, Giovanni de Nola, Hajnalka Nyitrai, Tom Kirchhausen, Pascal S Kaeser

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Liprin-α family proteins and their cellular functions.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Munc13 serves as a molecular filter for SNARE sorting and assembly in active zone condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Alzheimer's Pathology Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Input and Integration in VTA Dopamine Neurons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  9. Liquid-liquid phase separation in neural development.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. A Scalable Design for Proximity-Inducing Molecules.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Synaptobrevin-2 disease variants reveal spatial constraints within the presynaptic active zone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Javier Emperador-MeleroDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Man Yan WongDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Shan Shan H WangDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Giovanni de NolaDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hajnalka NyitraiDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tom KirchhausenDepartments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Pascal S KaeserDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kaeser@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1558-1958
Harvard University · USBoston Children's Hospital · US

Funding

Genetic Analysis and Manipulation Core (GAEC)P50HD105351 · NICHD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI SCOTT Loren POMEROY, MUSTAFA SAHIN · 2021 to 2026
$9.4M
Dissecting the assembly of vertebrate neurotransmitter release sites-Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related ResearchR01MH113349 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Pascal Simon Kaeser · 2017 to 2026
$6.1M
Molecular Dissection of Active Zone Functions in Neurotransmitter ReleaseR01NS083898 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Pascal Simon Kaeser · 2014 to 2026
$5.9M
Super-Resolution ImagingP30NS072030 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI REGEHR, WADE G · 2011 to 2020
$5.8M
VISUALIZATION OF SUBCELLULAR DYNAMICS IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMSR35GM130386 · NIGMS · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI TOMAS KIRCHHAUSEN · 2019 to 2026
$4.0M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105351NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM130386NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113349NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS072030NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS083898
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The active zone of a presynaptic nerve terminal defines sites for neurotransmitter release. Its protein machinery may be organized through liquid-liquid phase separation, a mechanism for the formation of membrane-less subcellular compartments. Here, we show that the active zone protein Liprin-α3 rapidly and reversibly undergoes phase separation in transfected HEK293T cells. Condensate formation is triggered by Liprin-α3 PKC-phosphorylation at serine-760, and RIM and Munc13 are co-recruited into membrane-attached condensates. Phospho-specific antibodies establish phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 serine-760 in transfected cells and mouse brain tissue. In primary hippocampal neurons of newly generated Liprin-α2/α3 double knockout mice, synaptic levels of RIM and Munc13 are reduced and the pool of releasable vesicles is decreased. Re-expression of Liprin-α3 restored these presynaptic defects, while mutating the Liprin-α3 phosphorylation site to abolish phase condensation prevented this rescue. Finally, PKC activation in these neurons acutely increased RIM, Munc13 and neurotransmitter release, which depended on the presence of phosphorylatable Liprin-α3. Our findings indicate that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers its phase separation and modulates active zone structure and function.

Indexed as

PhosphorylationAnimalsExocytosisHEK293 CellsHippocampusHumansMiceMice, KnockoutNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsPresynaptic TerminalsSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionSynaptic VesiclesVesicular Transport Proteinsliprin alpha3 protein, mouseNerve Tissue ProteinsUNC13B protein, humanVesicular Transport Proteins

Identifiers

PMID34031393
PMCPMC8144191
OpenAlexW3164340785

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.