ReviewSport sciences for health2021
From in vitro research to real life studies: an extensive narrative review of the effects of balneotherapy on human immune response.
Review in Sport sciences for health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Balneotherapy for the treatment of post-COVID syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the benefits of neutral bicarbonate ionized water baths in an open-label, randomized, crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of the therapeutic and the chemical effects of balneological treatment on clinical and laboratory parameters in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial.International journal of biometeorology · 2022Trial
- A sulfate-arsenical-ferruginous water affects apoptosis, oxidative stress and the gene expression of inflammatory mediators and of a panel of MicroRNA in IL-1β stimulated human osteoarthritic chondrocytes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Balneotherapy as a potential immunomodulator in inflammaging.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Natural Sulfur Compounds in Mineral Waters: Implications for Human Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cryotherapy and thermotherapy in the management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Neuroimmunomodulation induced by mud-bath therapy: clinical benefits and bioregulation of the innate/inflammatory responses induced by a peloid enriched with rosmarinic acid in elderly patients with osteoarthritis.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Article
- Conference Abstracts "Bridges in Rehabilitation" of the 2Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of thalassotherapy for enhancing well-being and reducing pharmaceutical costs in individuals with disabilities.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Balance rehabilitation and Long Covid syndrome: effectiveness of thermal water treatment vs. home-based program.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Water-based interventions in rheumatic diseases: mechanisms, benefits, and clinical applications.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Thermal Water Reduces the Inflammatory Process Induced by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Potential Role of Spa Therapy in Managing Frailty in Rheumatic Patients: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Relationship between Chinese Herbal Medicine Use and Risk of Sjögren's Syndrome in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective, Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- The Effects of Lakitelek Thermal Water and Tap Water on Skin Microbiome, a Randomized Control Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Short-time effects of spa rehabilitation on pain, mood and quality of life among patients with degenerative or post-surgery musculoskeletal disorders.International journal of biometeorology · 2023Observational
- Can spa rehabilitative interventions play a role for patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders at the early stages? A scoping review.International journal of biometeorology · 2022Article
- The Origin, Application and Mechanism of Therapeutic Climbing: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Balneotherapy year in review 2021: focus on the mechanisms of action of balneotherapy in rheumatic diseases.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe biologic mechanisms by which balneotherapy (BT) alleviates symptoms of different diseases are still poorly understood. Recently, preclinical models and clinical trials have been developed to study the effects of BT on the immune system. This review summarizes the currently available evidence regarding the effects of spa therapy on the immune response, to confirm the role of BT in the enhancement of immune system and open interesting research fields.
methodsPubMed and Google Scholar were searched from 1997 up to June 2020, with search criteria including terms related to BT and immune system. We selected only in vitro research, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical trials.
resultsIn vitro studies on human and animal samples have demonstrated that thermal waters exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In particular, H
conclusionFurther preclinical studies and RCTs could help to exploit BT in real life for preventive and therapeutic treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.