ArticleAnimal behavior and cognition2021
Replications, Comparisons, Sampling and the Problem of Representativeness in Animal Cognition Research.
Article in Animal behavior and cognition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Challenges and promises of big team comparative cognition.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Review
- Companion dogs flexibly and spontaneously comprehend human gestures in multiple contexts.Animal cognition · 2024Article
- Are comparable studies really comparable? Suggestions from a problem-solving experiment on urban and rural great tits.Animal cognition · 2024Article
- A guide for social science journal editors on easing into open science.Research integrity and peer review · 2024Article
- Maximizing valid eye-tracking data in human and macaque infants by optimizing calibration and adjusting areas of interest.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes.Communications psychology · 2023Review
- Article
- The rearing environment persistently modulates mouse phenotypes from the molecular to the behavioural level.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- The evolution of coordination: a phylogenetic meta-analysis and systematic review.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- A simulated comparison of behavioural observation sampling methods.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The hidden side of animal cognition research: Scientists' attitudes toward bias, replicability and scientific practice.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Animal cognition research often involves small and idiosyncratic samples. This can constrain the generalizability and replicability of a study's results and prevent meaningful comparisons between samples. However, there is little consensus about what makes a strong replication or comparison in animal research. We apply a resampling definition of replication to answer these questions in Part 1 of this article, and, in Part 2, we focus on the problem of representativeness in animal research. Through a case study and a simulation study, we highlight how and when representativeness may be an issue in animal behavior and cognition research and show how the representativeness problems can be viewed through the lenses of, i) replicability, ii) generalizability and external validity, iii) pseudoreplication and, iv) theory testing. Next, we discuss when and how researchers can improve their ability to learn from small sample research through, i) increasing heterogeneity in experimental design, ii) increasing homogeneity in experimental design, and, iii) statistically modeling variation. Finally, we describe how the strongest solutions will vary depending on the goals and resources of individual research programs and discuss some barriers towards implementing them.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.