ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Hemorrhagic Transformation in Ischemic Stroke and the Role of Inflammation.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic efficacy of genetically engineered neural stem cells in cerebral ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Early versus late anticoagulation treatment after acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of the Differential Effects of TGF-β1 in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Preclinical Stroke Models.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Anticoagulation for cavernous sinus thrombosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring in Cerebrovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.Neurocritical care · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of anisodine hydrobromide injection in acute ischemic stroke-a multicenter real-world observational study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Endovascular Treatment for Patients Aged ≥80 Years with Large Ischemic Stroke.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation is safe and feasible in hyperacute ischemic stroke (DICAST-SF trial).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Cilostazole versus clopidogrel in acute large-vessel moderate and moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Trial
- Potentiation of GPR68 alleviates post-ischemia BBB dysfunction and brain edema in mice.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Imaging findings of fatal embolic hemorrhagic stroke secondary to right ventricular hydatid cyst: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Low atherogenic index of plasma is associated with spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study and predictive modeling based on machine learning.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of miRNAs in Regulating Neurovascular Unit Homeostasis: Bidirectional Communication and Therapeutic Insights in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Volumetric Infarct Size Predicts Secondary Haemorrhagic Transformation of Ischaemic Stroke.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in stroke: current applications, limitations, and future directions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Association between Internal Carotid Artery Tortuosity and Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.European neurology · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Based Risk Stratification for Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage and 3-Month Prognosis following Intravenous Thrombolysis.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2026Article
- Myrtenal Ameliorates Ischemic Brain Injury Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It occurs when peripheral blood extravasates across a disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) into the brain following ischemic stroke. Preventing HT is important as it worsens stroke outcome and increases mortality. Factors associated with increased risk of HT include stroke severity, reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis and thrombectomy), hypertension, hyperglycemia, and age. Inflammation and the immune system are important contributors to BBB disruption and HT and are associated with many of the risk factors for HT. In this review, we present the relationship of inflammation and immune activation to HT in the context of reperfusion therapy, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and age. Differences in inflammatory pathways relating to HT are discussed. The role of inflammation to stratify the risk of HT and therapies targeting the immune system to reduce the risk of HT are presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.