ArticleCancers2021
Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Ginsenoside Rg3 Epimers: In Vitro Assessment of Single and Combination Treatments.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress on Anticancer Mechanism of Ginsenoside Regulating Tumor Microenvironment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Botanical Adjuvants in Oncology: A Review on Natural Compounds in Synergy with Conventional Therapies as Next-Generation Enhancers of Breast Cancer Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Rg3 in Cancer Research: Current Trends and Future Prospects - A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Differential antiangiogenic and anticancer activities of the active metabolites of ginsenoside Rg3.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Article
- Treatment of colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine: prevention and treatment mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Inhibitory effect of ginsenglactone A fromJournal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Aquaporin-mediated dysregulation of cell migration in disease states.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial to mesenchymal transition.Animal cells and systems · 2023Article
- LncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Natural Blockers of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction for the Immunotherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-Brain Metastasis.Cancers · 2022Review
- The treatment efficacy of three-layered functional polymer materials as drug carrier for orthotopic colon cancer.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Effects of Dried Onion Powder and Quercetin on Obesity-Associated Hepatic Menifestation and Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Electrospinning of botanicals for skin wound healing.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Co-Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Perspective in Ethnopharmacology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Anti-Cancer Effects of an Optimised Combination of Ginsenoside Rg3 Epimers on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumour angiogenesis plays a key role in tumour growth and progression. The application of current anti-angiogenic drugs is accompanied by adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, finding safer effective treatments is needed. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has two epimers, 20(S)-Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-Rg3 (RRg3), with stereoselective activities. Using response surface methodology, we optimised a combination of these two epimers for the loop formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). The optimised combination (C3) was tested on HUVEC and two murine endothelial cell lines. C3 significantly inhibited the loop formation, migration, and proliferation of these cells, inducing apoptosis in HUVEC and cell cycle arrest in all of the cell lines tested. Using molecular docking and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) bioassay, we showed that Rg3 has an allosteric modulatory effect on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). C3 also decreased the VEGF expression in hypoxic conditions, decreased the expression of aquaporin 1 and affected AKT signaling. The proteins that were mostly affected after C3 treatment were those related to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was one of the important targets of C3, which was affected in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. In conclusion, these results show the potential of C3 as a novel anti-angiogenic drug.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.