ReviewCancers2021
Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Tumoricidal efficacy of DZ-1 dye conjugated to dihydroartemisinin in patient-derived colorectal liver metastasis tumoroids.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Microenvironment-Driven Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: Metabolic, Phenotypic, and Immune Adaptation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tumor-Derived Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Through the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-CCDC25 Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Metastatic Unfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in Lynch Syndrome.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Immune System in Colorectal Cancer: Friends or Foes?Cancers · 2026Review
- SLC38A4 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and suppresses tumor liver metastasis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Dormancy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Tissue Engineering Opportunities forTissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2026Review
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis research from 2015 to 2025.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of immunosuppression, therapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Colorectal cancer liver metastases: mechanism and therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synergistic immunomodulation: integrating physical ablation with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial patterns and prognostic relevance of CD1aCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine features of portal venous blood predict metachronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer and reveal phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic target.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- O-GlcNAcylation of CSNK2A1 by OGT is Involved in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Immune dynamics shaping pre-metastatic and metastatic niches in liver metastases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers associated with liver metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma by machine learning.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A drastic difference exists between the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with localized cancer and distal organ metastasis. The liver is the most favorable organ for cancer metastases from the colorectum. Beyond the liver-colon anatomic relationship, emerging evidence highlights the impact of liver immune microenvironment on colorectal liver metastasis. Prior to cancer cell dissemination, hepatocytes secrete multiple factors to recruit or activate immune cells and stromal cells in the liver to form a favorable premetastatic niche. The liver-resident cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells are co-opted by the recruited cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, to establish an immunosuppressive liver microenvironment suitable for tumor cell colonization and outgrowth. Current treatments including radical surgery, systemic therapy, and localized therapy have only achieved good clinical outcomes in a minority of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis, which is further hampered by high recurrence rate. Better understanding of the mechanisms governing the metastasis-prone liver immune microenvironment should open new immuno-oncology avenues for liver metastasis intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.