ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinctive Biomarkers of Precocious and Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Development.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and Clinicopathological Biomarkers Predicting Brain Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles: Navigating new frontiers in glioblastoma therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs and their role in breast cancer metabolism (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Editorial: Non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, volume II.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- MiRNAs as new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain metastasis.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Review
- Bioengineering extracellular vesicle cargo for optimal therapeutic efficiency.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- The role of microRNAs in brain metastasis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- New insights of miRNA molecular mechanisms in breast cancer brain metastasis and therapeutic targets.Non-coding RNA research · 2023Article
- MEF2C and miR-194-5p: New Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Metastatic Dissemination: Role of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Use as Clinical Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles in the breast cancer brain metastasis: physiological functions and clinical applications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Obesity-Related Cross-Talk between Prostate Cancer and Peripheral Fat: Potential Role of Exosomes.Cancers · 2022Review
- A Drug Screening Reveals Minocycline Hydrochloride as a Therapeutic Option to Prevent Breast Cancer Cells Extravasation across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Review
- Analysis of microRNAs in Exosomes of Breast Cancer Patients in Search of Molecular Prognostic Factors in Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer presents higher mortality and poorer survival rates than other breast cancer (BC) types, due to the proneness to brain metastases formation, which are usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of BC brain metastases (BCBM) biomarkers appears pivotal for a timely intervention. With this work, we aimed to disclose microRNAs (miRNAs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the circulation as biomarkers of BCBM formation. Using a BCBM animal model, we analyzed EVs in plasma by nanoparticle tracking analysis and ascertained their blood-brain barrier (BBB) origin by flow cytometry. We further evaluated circulating miRNAs by RT-qPCR and their brain expression by in situ hybridization. In parallel, a cellular model of BCBM formation, combining triple negative BC cells and BBB endothelial cells, was used to differentiate the origin of biomarkers. Established metastases were associated with an increased content of circulating EVs, particularly of BBB origin. Interestingly, deregulated miRNAs in the circulation were observed prior to BCBM detection, and their brain origin was suggested by matching alterations in brain parenchyma. In vitro studies indicated that miR-194-5p and miR-205-5p are expressed and released by BC cells, endothelial cells and during their interaction. These results highlight miRNAs and EVs as biomarkers of BCBM in early and advanced stages, respectively.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.