ReviewCancers2021
In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tracing the origins of glioblastoma by investigating the role of gliogenic and related neurogenic genes/signaling pathways in GBM development: a systematic review.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Mimicking tumor hypoxia in a glioblastoma-on-a-chip.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Human Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier on a Chip to Investigate Personalized Treatment for Glioblastoma Patients.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Simple fabrication method for cancer cell migration studies on biomimetic substrates with tunable stiffness.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Aromatic Aminopropyl Lactams in Two Cancer Cell Models.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Neuropilin-1-Targeted Cell-Penetrating Tandem Peptide-Drug Conjugate Exhibits Potent In Vivo Antiglioma and Antiangiogenic Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- Modeling Glioblastoma with Brain Organoids: New Frontiers in Oncology and Space Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Human cerebral organoids model tumor initiation and infiltration in an autologous astrocyte-supported setting.iScience · 2025Article
- 3D Brain Vascular Niche Model Captures Glioblastoma Infiltration, Dormancy, and Gene Signatures.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Radiation Damage to a Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Model of the Brain Perivascular Niche.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2025Article
- Functional 3D Human Neuron-Glioblastoma Model Reveals Cellular Interactions Enabling Drug Safety Assessments.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold Model for Hypoxia Induction in Glioblastoma Embedded Spheroids.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assembly of glioblastoma tumoroids and cerebral organoids: a 3D in vitro model for tumor cell invasion.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Bridging the gap between tumor and disease: Innovating cancer and glioma models.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Explants Empower Rapid and Personalized Drug Assessment: Harnessing the Potential of 3D Perfusion Bioreactors in Glioblastoma Drug Discovery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Isoform-specific vs. pan-histone deacetylase inhibition as approaches for countering glioblastoma: anFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with an average survival time of about one year from initial diagnosis. In the attempt to overcome the complexity and drawbacks associated with in vivo GBM models, together with the need of developing systems dedicated to screen new potential drugs, considerable efforts have been devoted to the implementation of reliable and affordable in vitro GBM models. Recent findings on GBM molecular features, revealing a high heterogeneity between GBM cells and also between other non-tumor cells belonging to the tumoral niche, have stressed the limitations of the classical 2D cell culture systems. Recently, several novel and innovative 3D cell cultures models for GBM have been proposed and implemented. In this review, we first describe the different populations and their functional role of GBM and niche non-tumor cells that could be used in 3D models. An overview of the current available 3D in vitro systems for modeling GBM, together with their major weaknesses and strengths, is presented. Lastly, we discuss the impact of groundbreaking technologies, such as bioprinting and multi-omics single cell analysis, on the future implementation of 3D in vitro GBM models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.