SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant-derived alginate polysaccharide hydrogels in sport and exercise nutrition: implications for carbohydrate metabolism, gastrointestinal integrity, exercise recovery, and athletic performance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Guideline
- Use of Carbohydrate (CHO), Gluten-Free, and FODMAP-Free Diets to Prevent Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of interventions targeting modifiable factors that impact dietary intake in athletes.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Gut-Training and Feeding-Challenge on Markers of Gastrointestinal Status in Response to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Continuous Protein Supplementation Reduces Acute Exercise-Induced Stress Markers in Athletes Performing Marathon.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Carbohydrate Ingestion on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Fatigue in Final Hour of an Ironman Triathlon with Absence of Carbohydrate Supplementation: A Retrospective Case Study.International journal of exercise science · 2026Article
- Nutritional considerations for athletes with diabetes: optimizing performance and glycemic control.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Consensus Document of the Spanish Nutrition Society (SEÑ) on Nutritional Strategies in Sports.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Under Consumed and Overestimated: Discrepancies in Race-Day Carbohydrate Intake Among Endurance Athletes.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Are the Consumption Patterns of Sports Supplements Similar among Spanish Mountain Runners?Nutrients · 2023Article
- Low Energy Availability, Disordered Eating, Exercise Dependence, and Fueling Strategies in Trail Runners.International journal of exercise science · 2023Article
- Nutritional Practices and Body Composition of South African National-Level Spinal Cord-Injured Endurance Hand Cyclists.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the high metabolic and physical demands in single-stage one-day ultra-trail (SOUT) races, athletes should be properly prepared in both physical and nutritional aspects in order to delay fatigue and avoid associated difficulties. However, high carbohydrate (CHO) intake would seem to increase gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The main purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate CHO intake during SOUT events as well as its relationship with fatigue (in terms of internal exercise load, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and post-exercise recovery) and GI problems. A structured search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in the following: Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to 16 March 2021. After conducting the search and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight articles in total were included in this systematic review, in all of which CHO intake involved gels, energy bars and sports drinks. Two studies associated higher CHO consumption (120 g/h) with an improvement in internal exercise load. Likewise, these studies observed that SOUT runners whose intake was 120 g/h could benefit by limiting the EIMD observed by CK (creatine kinase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and GOT (aspartate aminotransferase), and also improve recovery of high intensity running capacity 24 h after a trail marathon. In six studies, athletes had GI symptoms between 65-82%. In summary, most of the runners did not meet CHO intake standard recommendations for SOUT events (90 g/h), while athletes who consumed more CHO experienced a reduction in internal exercise load, limited EIMD and improvement in post-exercise recovery. Conversely, the GI symptoms were recurrent in SOUT athletes depending on altitude, environmental conditions and running speed. Therefore, a high CHO intake during SOUT events is important to delay fatigue and avoid GI complications, and to ensure high intake, it is necessary to implement intestinal training protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.