ReviewBMB reports2021
Perspectives on immune checkpoint ligands: expression, regulation, and clinical implications.
Review in BMB reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIGIT Expression and Its Implications in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- CLEC2B-KLRB1 axis acts as an immune checkpoint, governing the exhaustion of CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Differential T cell reactivation by two PD-L1 nanobodies through blockade alone or blockade with internalization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A new strategy for melanoma treatment: an investigation of the clinical value of the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a gastric cancer prognostic model utilizing lymphatic endothelial cell-related genes.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- PD-1 blockade employed at the time CD8+ T cells are activated enhances their antitumor efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Peptide-stimulated T cells bypass immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and eliminate autologous microsatellite instable colorectal cancer cells.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint ligands expressed on mature high endothelial venules predict poor prognosis of NSCLC: have a relationship with CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Biological Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- A multiscale mechanistic model of human dendritic cells forFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) must be expressed in order to trigger the inhibitory signal via immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs). Although ICL expression frequently occurs in a manner intrinsic to tumor cells, extrinsic factors derived from the tumor microenvironment can fine-tune ICL expression by tumor cells or prompt non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Considering the extensive interaction between T cells and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, ICL expression on immune cells can be as significant as that of ICLs on tumor cells in promoting antitumor immune responses. Here, we introduce various regulators known to induce or suppress ICL expression in either tumor cells or immune cells, and concise mechanisms relevant to their induction. Finally, we focus on the clinical significance of understanding the mechanisms of ICLs for an optimized immunotherapy for individual cancer patients. [BMB Reports 2021; 54(8): 403-412].
Indexed as
Identifiers
34078531PMC8411045W3164773865What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.