ArticleBiochimie2021
Essential sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D and magnesium for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer.
Article in Biochimie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of mineral supplements (magnesium, chromium, zinc, selenium, chromium picolinate) in reducing insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- A prospective observational study of lifestyle behaviors and biomarkers to promote cardiometabolic health in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Importance of trace elements in the immunometabolic health of people living with HIV/AIDS: a literature review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- "The effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment plus zinc and magnesium supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidants enzymes in type 2 diabetes patients: a quasi-experimental study".BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Correlation between immune-related Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway and severity of severe pneumonia and inflammation-related polyunsaturated fatty acids.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Type 2 Diabetic Patients Potentially Infected with COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Review
- The Significance of Low Magnesium Levels in COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutritional status and inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III NSCLC undergoing postoperative chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Development of degradable magnesium-based metal implants and their function in promoting bone metabolism (A review).Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2022Review
- Anticancer and Free Radical Scavenging Competence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aqueous Leaf Extract ofBioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2022Article
- A cross-sectional study on the effect of dietary zinc intake on the relationship between serum vitamin DFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Complex Interplay between Immunonutrition, Mast Cells, and Histamine Signaling in COVID-19.Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the development of a number of vaccines for COVID-19, there remains a need for prevention and treatment of the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease COVID-19. This report discusses the key elements of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that can be readily treated: viral entry, the immune system and inflammation, and the cytokine storm. It is shown that the essential nutrients zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D and magnesium provide the ideal combination for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: prevention of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells, prevention of proliferation of SARS-CoV-2, inhibition of excessive inflammation, improved control of the regulation of the immune system, inhibition of the cytokine storm, and reduction in the effects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated non-communicable diseases. It is emphasized that the non-communicable diseases associated with COVID-19 are inherently more prevalent in the elderly than the young, and that the maintenance of sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs, vitamin D and magnesium is essential for the elderly to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and cancer. Annual checking of levels of these essential nutrients is recommended for those over 65 years of age, together with appropriate adjustments in their intake, with these services and supplies being at government cost. The cost:benefit ratio would be huge as the cost of the nutrients and the testing of their levels would be very small compared with the cost savings of specialists and hospitalization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.