SynthesisAging2021
Sex-related differences in the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-based heterogeneity in response to first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Antihypertensive Drugs as Potential Repositioning Options for Melanoma: A Map of Pre-Clinical Evidence.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An agent-based learning model integrating sex differences in renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The impact of excess weight and body fat on clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to gender.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Impact of race, ethnicity, and social determinants on outcomes following immune checkpoint therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Outcome differences by sex in oncology clinical trials.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Sex-related differences in serum biomarker levels predict the activity and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated endocrinopathies on cancer survival.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Hepatic failure associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: An analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of immunological agents in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Cancers · 2022Article
- Review
- Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although disease susceptibility is known to differ between men and women, it is controversial whether the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancies also differs between the sexes. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the impact of sex on immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 1, 2020 for randomized controlled trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors with hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by sex. We calculated the pooled HRs for men and women using the ln(HR), and assessed the heterogeneity between the two estimates through an interaction test. In total, 22,268 patients from 39 randomized controlled trials were included. Immune checkpoint inhibitors yielded better overall survival than conventional agents in both men (HR: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.80) and women (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.85). Progression-free survival benefits were also observed in both men (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.58-0.70) and women (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.77) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. No sex differences in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors were found when overall survival and progression-free survival were used as the endpoints.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.