ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer and Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and focus on immunotherapy for endometrial cancer: a comprehensive bibliometric insight and visualization analysis (2012-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor microenvironment and gut microbiome in immunotherapy resistance in gastric cancer: clinical questions, biological mechanisms, and evidence-based therapeutic perspectives.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Immune-stromal interactions at the crossroads of tissue injury, repair, and tumor progression.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Review
- Can Complex 3D Models Effectively Replace 2D and Animal Models to Investigate the Microbe-Tumor-Immune Axis in Pancreatic Cancer Studies?Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblast targeting therapies as a tool to enhance responses to radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Decoding the CAF-TAM axis: multi-omics dissection and therapeutic targeting of stromal-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Profiling Uncovers Predictive Factors for Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in Ovarian Cancer.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Xiaotan Sanjie recipe suppressed the oncogenic potential of cancer-associated fibroblaststhe stromal-derived factor 1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 pathway in gastric cancer.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells as innate immune therapies for blood cancers.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment in cervical cancer: synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Endothelial dysfunction determines vascular mechanisms of metastatic progression in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- A positive feedback loop between SERPINH1 and MMP-9/TGF-β1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles that modulate immune cells - an important strategy for the future treatment of tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Drug resistance mechanisms of immunotherapy and translational strategies for reversing resistance for hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment shapes gastric cancer progression by coordinating immune suppression and metabolic reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and the B7/CD28 family in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced immunotherapy.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Single-cell and spatial profiling reveal an IL-10-associated iCAF-M2 macrophage communication axis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer ascites.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the interplay between tumor cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components, is mandatory for the innovation of new therapeutic approaches in cancer. The cell-cell communication within the TME plays a pivotal role in the evolution and progression of cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are major cell populations in the stroma of all solid tumors and often exert protumorigenic functions; however, the origin and precise functions of CAF and TAM are still incompletely understood. CAF and TAM hold significant potential as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in oncology when combined with existing therapies. The regulation of CAF/TAM communication and/or their differentiation could be of high impact for improving the future targeted treatment strategies. Nevertheless, there is much scope for research and innovation in this field with regards to the development of novel drugs. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge on CAF and TAM in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, by focusing on their heterogenous functions in different stages and types of cancer, we explore their role as potential therapeutic targets and highlight certain aspects of their functions that need further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.