ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Statins?
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized head-to-head trials.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- When bad turns good: a systematic review on cholesterol and LDL in longitudinal patient cohorts with Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between ABCG2 Polymorphism and Statin-Induced Adverse Events: A Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Statin Therapy and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Current drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Muscle Tolerability of Different Types and Intensities of Statins: A Network Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Association between Statins Types with Incidence of Liver Cancer: An Updated Meta-analysis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Statins on Serum level of hs-CRP and CRP in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of statins on the survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Rosuvastatin enhances the efficacy of venetoclax-azacitidine in older acute myeloid leukemia patients via reducing T-cell exhaustion.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- The HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Fluvastatin Promotes Th2-Skewed Immune Responses by Modulating Dendritic Cell Differentiation.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Alter Colonic Expression of Genes Encoding Drug Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dementia Risk With Combined Statin and Antihypertensive Drugs That Increase Versus Decrease Angiotensin-II Formation: Findings From the 45 and Up Study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2026Article
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- Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effect of Atorvastatin and Nano-Atorvastatin Mouthwash onJournal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2026Article
- Histomorphometric Evaluation of Socket Preservation Healing Using Xenogeneic Bone Substitute Combined with Statin: A Prospective Split-Mouth Clinical Pilot Study.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2026Article
- Reengineering statin therapy to protect skeletal muscle: nanocarrier strategies for mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and myotoxicity.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Toxic interaction between atorvastatin and clarithromycin causing myositis and rhabdomyolysis.Australian prescriber · 2026Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drugs can be classified as hydrophilic or lipophilic depending on their ability to dissolve in water or in lipid-containing media. The predominantly lipophilic statins (simvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin and atorvastatin) can easily enter cells, whereas hydrophilic statins (rosuvastatin and pravastatin) present greater hepatoselectivity. Although the beneficial role of statins in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention has been unequivocally confirmed, the possible superiority of one statin or other regarding their solubility profile is still not well-established. In this respect, although some previously published observational studies and clinical trials observed a superiority of lipophilic statins in cardiovascular outcomes, these results could also be explained by a greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction with this statin type. On the other hand, previous studies reported conflicting results as to the possible superiority of one statin type over the other regarding heart failure outcomes. Furthermore, adverse events with statin therapy may also be related to their solubility profile. Thus, the aim of the present review was to collect clinical evidence on possible differences in cardiovascular outcomes among statins when their solubility profile is considered, and how this may also be related to the occurrence of statin-related adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.