ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2021
Brain insulin signalling in metabolic homeostasis and disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin resistance in depression: A large meta-analysis of metabolic parameters and variation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Glucoregulatory status modulates acute cognitive effects of repeated low-glycaemic snack consumption in older adults: a decentralized randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Daily intranasal insulin at 40IU does not affect food intake and body composition: A placebo-controlled trial in older adults over a 24-week period with 24-weeks of follow-up.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Trial
- Exercise restores brain insulin sensitivity in sedentary adults who are overweight and obese.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- MemAID: Memory advancement with intranasal insulin vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes and control participants: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of neurology · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Brain insulin resistance as a driver of proteinopathy in neurodegeneration: from cell-type-specific mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Combined assessment of triglyceride-glucose index and stress hyperglycemia ratio to predict all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Hypothalamus-liver talks: whispers in the language of metabolism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Insulin resistance and epilepsy: an emerging pathophysiological nexus.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic malate dehydrogenase 2 modulates systemic glucose metabolism through oxytocin-mediated thermogenesis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, functions and therapeutic targeting of protein tyrosine phosphatases.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Obesity and Nutritional Vulnerability in long COVID: A Neuroinflammatory and Cognitive Perspective.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Organ cross-talk: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic interventions for diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- How diet therapy affects obesity-associated depressive symptoms: from mechanism to therapeutics.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Molecular and cellular processes connecting type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer's disease, focusing on oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β axis: a new frontier in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Association between triglyceride-glucose index and depression in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension: insights from the CHARLS study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in rodents, non-human primates and humans over more than five decades using intracerebroventricular, direct hypothalamic or intranasal application of insulin provide evidence that brain insulin action might reduce food intake and, more importantly, regulates energy homeostasis by orchestrating nutrient partitioning. This Review discusses the metabolic pathways that are under the control of brain insulin action and explains how brain insulin resistance contributes to metabolic disease in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.