ReviewThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2021
7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19.
Review in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Sarcopenia in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID.Cureus · 2025Review
- Identification of a mechanism promoting mitochondrial sterol accumulation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: role of TSPO and STAR.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Applications of Oxysterols and Derivatives in Age-Related Diseases, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancers.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Accumulation of oxysterols in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients as a biomarker for case severity.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Article
- The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Lipid Metabolism-The Potential Use of Lipid-Lowering Agents in COVID-19 Management.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Celebrating the 10th anniversary of the creation of the European Network for Oxysterol Research (ENOR).The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2022Article
- Reactive Sulfur Compounds in the Fight against COVID-19.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Cholesterol metabolism: from lipidomics to immunology.Journal of lipid research · 2022Review
- Review
- Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-freeFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Sterols, Oxysterols, and Accessible Cholesterol: Signalling for Homeostasis, in Immunity and During Development.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Serum 25-hydroxycholesterol levels are increased in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of clinical lipidologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol, which is one of the earliest cholesterol oxidization products identified, is essentially formed by the auto-oxidation of cholesterol. In the body, 7-ketocholesterol is both provided by food and produced endogenously. This pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule, which can activate apoptosis and autophagy at high concentrations, is an abundant component of oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins. 7-Ketocholesterol appears to significantly contribute to the development of age-related diseases (cardiovascular diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and Alzheimer's disease), chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and to certain cancers. Recent studies have also shown that 7-ketocholesterol has anti-viral activities, including on SARS-CoV-2, which are, however, lower than those of oxysterols resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol on the side chain. Furthermore, 7-ketocholesterol is increased in the serum of moderately and severely affected COVID-19 patients. In the case of COVID-19, it can be assumed that the antiviral activity of 7-ketocholesterol could be counterbalanced by its toxic effects, including pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activities that might promote the induction of cell death in alveolar cells. It is therefore suggested that this oxysterol might be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by contributing to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and promoting a deleterious, even fatal outcome. Thus, 7-ketocholesterol could possibly constitute a lipid biomarker of COVID-19 outcome and counteracting its toxic effects with adjuvant therapies might have beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.