ReviewJournal of diabetes science and technology2022
Products for Monitoring Glucose Levels in the Human Body With Noninvasive Optical, Noninvasive Fluid Sampling, or Minimally Invasive Technologies.
Review in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence in diabetes management: transformative potential, challenges, and opportunities in healthcare.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring Decentralized Glucose and Behaviometric Monitoring of Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in the Setting of a Clinical Trial.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Trial
- Non-Invasive Technologies in Wearable Glucose Monitoring: A Structured Overview for the Future.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Nanostructured electrode materials and flexible-substrate engineering for wearable multi-analyte biosensors in diabetes monitoring and personalized care: a comprehensive review.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Innovative approaches to early detection of cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk: focus on glucose and cholesterol measuring.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Re-evaluating heart rate variability biomarkers for glucose sensing: the impact of age normalisation and subject-independent validation.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Advancing Diabetic Care Through Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Optical Sensors and IoT Technologies.F1000Research · 2026Article
- Metal Nanocomposites as Biosensors for Biological Fluids Analysis.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Noninvasive Glucose Measurements in Tissue Simulating Phantoms Using a Solid-State Near-Infrared Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Heart disease prediction with a feature-sensitized interpretable framework for the Internet of Medical Things sensors.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Additively manufactured microwave sensor for glucose level detection in saliva.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Performance Assessment of Three Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- Review of Microwave Near-Field Sensing and Imaging Devices in Medical Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Noninvasive Diabetes Detection through Human Breath Using TinyML-Powered E-Nose.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of a target product profile for new glucose self-monitoring technologies for use in low- and middle-income countries.PloS one · 2024Article
- Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Technologies and Products: A Comprehensive Review for Researchers and Clinicians.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConventional home blood glucose measurements require a sample of blood that is obtained by puncturing the skin at the fingertip. To avoid the pain associated with this procedure, there is high demand for medical products that allow glucose monitoring without blood sampling. In this review article, all such products are presented.
methodsIn order to identify such products, four different sources were used: (1) PubMed, (2) Google Patents, (3) Diabetes Technology Meeting Startup Showcase participants, and (4) experts in the field of glucose monitoring. The information obtained were filtered by using two inclusion criteria: (1) regulatory clearance, and/or (2) significant coverage in Google News starting in the year 2016, unless the article indicated that the product had been discontinued. The identified bloodless monitoring products were classified into three categories: (1) noninvasive optical, (2) noninvasive fluid sampling, and (3) minimally invasive devices.
resultsIn total, 28 noninvasive optical, 6 noninvasive fluid sampling, and 31 minimally invasive glucose monitoring products were identified. Subsequently, these products were characterized according to their regulatory, technological, and consumer features. Products with regulatory clearance are described in greater detail according to their advantages and disadvantages, and with design images.
conclusionsBased on favorable technological features, consumer features, and other advantages, several bloodless products are commercially available and promise to enhance diabetes management. Paths for future products are discussed with an emphasis on understanding existing barriers related to both technical and non-technical issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.