ReviewGut2021
Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function.
Review in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07169123 (Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD), which is not on this map. Cited by 297 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD
Who cites it
297 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 460 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Invasive vs. Invasive Markers in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Intestinal Ultrasound, Biopsy, and Faecal Calprotectin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Probiotic-Reduced Inflammaging in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Trial
- Exploring the Potential of Oral Butyrate Supplementation in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Subgroup Insights from an Interventional Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Obefazimod in patients with moderate-to-severely active ulcerative colitis: efficacy and safety analysis from the 96-week open-label maintenance phase 2b study.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The RIVET RCT: Rifamycin SV MMX improves muscle mass, physical function, and ammonia in cirrhosis and minimal encephalopathy.Hepatology communications · 2024Trial
- Muribaculum as a microbial contributor of rifaximin-induced mucosal protection during chemotherapy.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessment of faecal calprotectin in neonatal calf diarrhoea using a human ELISA kit: Associations with faecal score and serum biochemical markers.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Combined Prognostic Value of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Bilirubin in Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis: From Clinical Risk Stratification to Exploratory Vascular-Cell Findings.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of elderly versus non-elderly adults with inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Observational
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in liver diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Adhesion-Enhanced Engineered Probiotic for Prolonged Intestinal Retention and Calprotectin-Responsive IBD Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Calprotectin identified as a key differentially expressed plasma biomarker in periprosthetic joint infection against aseptic failure: a precision health proteomics study.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Article
- Selective IL-23 inhibitors in ulcerative colitis: current evidence and perspectives for multimodal personalized treatment: a narrative review.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Hidden Gut Dysbiosis in Apparently Healthy Adults.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- S100 signaling in hair follicle biology: emerging mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Review
- Review
237 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- AssociatedDataset
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) emerged with Westernisation of dietary habits worldwide. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic debilitating conditions that afflict individuals with substantial morbidity and challenge healthcare systems across the globe. Since identification and characterisation of calprotectin (CP) in the 1980s, faecal CP emerged as significantly validated, non-invasive biomarker that allows evaluation of gut inflammation. Faecal CP discriminates between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gut and portraits the disease course of human IBD. Recent studies revealed insights into biological functions of the CP subunits S100A8 and S100A9 during orchestration of an inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces across organ systems. In this review, we summarise longitudinal evidence for the evolution of CP from biomarker to rheostat of mucosal inflammation and suggest an algorithm for the interpretation of faecal CP in daily clinical practice. We propose that mechanistic insights into the biological function of CP in the gut and beyond may facilitate interpretation of current assays and guide patient-tailored medical therapy in IBD, a concept warranting controlled clinical trials.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.