Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Epigenetic Features of HIV-Induced T-Cell Exhaustion Persist Despite Early Antiretroviral Therapy.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on T cell activation markers and regulatory T cells in people with and without HIV infection in Central Ethiopia.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- T cell immunity predicts clinical outcomes on stopping antiretroviral treatment after HIV-specific broadly neutralising antibody therapy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- TIL cell therapy in HIV positive patient with metastatic melanoma: case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Immunorecovered but Exhausted: Persistent PD-1/PD-L1 Expression Despite Virologic Suppression and CD4 Recovery in PLWH.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Deep Thought on the HIV Cured Cases: Where Have We Been and What Lies Ahead?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Breaking Barriers to an HIV-1 Cure: Innovations in Gene Editing, Immune Modulation, and Reservoir Eradication.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of HIV-Related Immune Impairment of Yellow Fever Vaccine Immunogenicity in People Living with HIV-ANRS 12403.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Differential effects of antiretroviral treatment on immunity and gut microbiome composition in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Glutaminolysis of CD4Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Lymphoid tissues contribute to plasma viral clonotypes early after antiretroviral therapy interruption in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Antiretrovirals to CCR5 CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing - A paradigm shift chasing an HIV cure.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Review
- Vaccine-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection.Research square · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral treatment is less effective at reducing gut microbiome-associated inflammation and T cell activation in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe.Research square · 2023Article
- Regulation and Immunotherapeutic Targeting of the Epigenome in Exhausted CD8 T Cell Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- Advances in molecular biomarkers research and clinical application progress for gastric cancer immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- HIV-1 induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells is mediated by cellular interaction with suppressive T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
T cell dysfunction occurs early following HIV infection, impacting the emergence of non-AIDS morbidities and limiting curative efforts. ART initiated during primary HIV infection (PHI) can reverse this dysfunction, but the extent of recovery is unknown. We studied 66 HIV-infected individuals treated from early PHI with up to three years of ART. Compared with HIV-uninfected controls, CD4 and CD8 T cells from early HIV infection were characterised by T cell activation and increased expression of the immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) PD1, Tim-3 and TIGIT. Three years of ART lead to partial - but not complete - normalisation of ICR expression, the dynamics of which varied for individual ICRs. For HIV-specific cells, epigenetic profiling of tetramer-sorted CD8 T cells revealed that epigenetic features of exhaustion typically seen in chronic HIV infection were already present early in PHI, and that ART initiation during PHI resulted in only a partial shift of the epigenome to one with more favourable memory characteristics. These findings suggest that although ART initiation during PHI results in significant immune reconstitution, there may be only partial resolution of HIV-related phenotypic and epigenetic changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.