Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34164834›Full record

ArticleNeuropathology and applied neurobiology2021

G protein-coupled receptor kinases are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Thais Rafael Guimarães, Eric Swanson, Julia Kofler, Amantha Thathiah

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropathology and applied neurobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The GPCR Connection: Linking Alzheimer's Disease and Glioblastoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Circulating Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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  13. Article
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  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Thais Rafael GuimarãesDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Eric SwansonDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Julia KoflerDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Amantha ThathiahDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3132-4409
University of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG005133 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SWEET, ROBERT A · 1985 to 2019
$43.0M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066468 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI C. Elizabeth Shaaban · 2020 to 2026
$29.4M
Regulation of gamma-secretase function in Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG058851 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Amantha Thathiah · 2018 to 2026
$4.0M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066468NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058851
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in amyloid plaques and intracellular aggregation and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although several kinases have been identified to contribute to the pathological phosphorylation of tau, kinase-targeted therapies for AD have not been successful in clinical trials. Critically, the kinases responsible for numerous identified tau phosphorylation sites remain unknown. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) have recently been implicated in phosphorylation of non-GPCR substrates, for example, tubulin and α-synuclein, and in neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, we investigated the involvement of GRKs in the pathophysiology of AD.

methodsWe performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of the ubiquitously expressed GRKs, namely, GRK2, 3, 5 and 6, in postmortem human brain tissue of control subjects and AD patients.

resultsGRKs display unique cell-type-specific expression patterns in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Levels of GRKs 2, 5 and 6 are specifically decreased in the CA1 region of the AD hippocampus. Biochemical evidence indicates that the GRKs differentially associate with total, soluble and insoluble pools of tau in the AD brain. Complementary immunohistochemical studies indicate that the GRKs differentially colocalise with total tau, phosphorylated tau and NFTs. Notably, GRKs 3 and 5 also colocalise with amyloid plaques.

conclusionThese studies establish a link between GRKs and the pathological phosphorylation and accumulation of tau and amyloid pathology in AD brains and suggest a novel role for these kinases in regulation of the pathological hallmarks of AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorAstrocytesBrainG-Protein-Coupled Receptor KinasesHumansNeurofibrillary TanglesNeuronstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorG-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinasestau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseamyloid βG protein-coupled receptor kinasehippocampusneurofibrillary tanglephosphorylationtau

Identifiers

PMID34164834
PMCPMC8735815
OpenAlexW3173227218

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.