SynthesisIndian journal of pharmacology
Efficacy and safety of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of severe/critical COVID-19 patients: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Indian journal of pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the impact of nitric oxide, almitrine, and their combination in COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis) patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis.Indian journal of pharmacologyPooled it
- Know Your Nose: A Narrative Review of the Developmental and Functional Impact and Importance of the Nose, Nasal Breathing and Techniques on Health and Emotional Wellbeing.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nitric Oxide at the Nexus of ACE2 Biology and COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Comorbidities.Physiological research · 2025Review
- Immune-Boosting and Antiviral Effects of Antioxidants in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Therapeutic Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) on the Outcome of COVID-19 Associated ARDS.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Severe Pulmonary Hypertension and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) treatment for moderate-to-severe ARDS in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Article
- More questions than answers for the use of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2022Review
- Critical role of nitric oxide in impeding COVID-19 transmission and prevention: a promising possibility.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Article
- Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19.Current pharmaceutical design · 2022Review
- Real-world use of inhaled nitric oxide therapy in patients with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome.Drugs in context · 2022Article
- The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Nitric Oxide: The Missing Factor in COVID-19 Severity?Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The timing of intubation and principles of ICU care in COVID-19Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Serum nitrite and nitrate: A potential biomarker for post-covid-19 complications?Free radical biology & medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePresent systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in the treatment of severe COVID-19 and to compare it to standard of care (SOC), antiviral medications, and other medicines. MATERIALS AND
methodsMedline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, BioRxiv and MedRxiv, and Cochrane (up to April 20, 2021) were the search databases. Two reviewers (SK and CK) independently selected the electronic published literature that studied the effect of nitric oxide with SOC or control. The clinical and physiological outcomes such as prevention of progressive systemic de-oxygenation/clinical improvement, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, improvement in pulmonary arterial pressure, and adverse events were assessed.
resultsThe 14 retrospective/protective studies randomly assigning 423 patients met the inclusion criteria. Cumulative study of the selected articles showed that iNO has a mild impact on ventilation time or ventilator-free days. iNO has increased the partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio of fraction of inspired oxygen in a few patients as compared to baseline. However, in most of the studies, it does not have better outcome when compared to the baseline improvement.
conclusionsIn patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome, nitric oxide is linked to a slight increase in oxygenation but has no effect on mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.