ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
The Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Visual Distortions and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: An Update.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stereopsis deficits in schizophrenia: a systematic review with exploratory meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Apical integration theory provides a neural basis for understanding disorganization and consciousness in the schizophrenias.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Retinal Origins of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia: The Perceptual Theory.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Classifying schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals: Whole brain SPECT functional connectivity using support vector machine classification.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Basic symptoms of psychosis-from historical foundations to current evidence.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Review
- Anti-NMDAR encephalitis impairs intrinsic hippocampal dynamics through neuronal hypercoupling, hub dominance, and aberrant ensembles.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Examining the diametric model of autistic and psychotic traits through temporal perception.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Disrupted neural response timing and duration during hand movement preparation in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: An fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Brain texture alterations predict subtle visual perceptual dysfunctions in recent onset psychosis and clinical high-risk state.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Comorbidities in People With Intellectual Disability With and Without Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Without Intellectual Disability: A Swedish Register Study (IDcare).Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Article
- Contrast sensitivity and subjective visual disturbances across the psychosis continuum.Cognitive neuropsychiatry · 2026Article
- Compensatory hallucinogenesis across three neuropsychiatric disorders: a Bayesian account.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Temporal characteristics of hemodynamic responses during active and passive hand movements in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Intact Serial Dependence in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Orientation Adjustment Task.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Painting psychosis: an empirical investigation of the self-portraits of Edvard Munch.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Aberrant preparation of hand movement in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: an fMRI study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Cerebral perfusion differences in the visual cortex and fusiform subregions across the psychosis spectrum.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by visual distortions in ~60% of cases, and visual hallucinations (VH) in ~25-50% of cases, depending on the sample. These symptoms have received relatively little attention in the literature, perhaps due to the higher rate of auditory vs. visual hallucinations in psychotic disorders, which is the reverse of what is found in other neuropsychiatric conditions. Given the clinical significance of these perceptual disturbances, our aim is to help address this gap by updating and expanding upon prior reviews. Specifically, we: (1) present findings on the nature and frequency of VH and distortions in schizophrenia; (2) review proposed syndromes of VH in neuro-ophthalmology and neuropsychiatry, and discuss the extent to which these characterize VH in schizophrenia; (3) review potential cortical mechanisms of VH in schizophrenia; (4) review retinal changes that could contribute to VH in schizophrenia; (5) discuss relationships between findings from laboratory measures of visual processing and VH in schizophrenia; and (6) integrate findings across biological and psychological levels to propose an updated model of VH mechanisms, including how their content is determined, and how they may reflect vulnerabilities in the maintenance of a sense of self. In particular, we emphasize the potential role of alterations at multiple points in the visual pathway, including the retina, the roles of multiple neurotransmitters, and the role of a combination of disinhibited default mode network activity and enhanced state-related apical/contextual drive in determining the onset and content of VH. In short, our goal is to cast a fresh light on the under-studied symptoms of VH and visual distortions in schizophrenia for the purposes of informing future work on mechanisms and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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