SynthesisPhysical therapy2021
Reporting of Harm in Randomized Controlled Trials of Therapeutic Exercise for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Physical therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: 2023 update.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Guideline
- Pain informed movement compared to neuromuscular exercise and standard education in people with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2025Trial
- Adherence to a Digital Knee Rehabilitation Platform Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Hong Kong: Qualitative Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- A case series evaluation of standardized exercise dosage using a cycle ergometer on body weight and patient-reported outcome measures among overweight female patients with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy science · 2026Article
- [DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2024Article
- A 1RM Strengthening and Exercise Programme for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Quality-Improvement Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Physical Activity Interventions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting adverse events (AEs) and dropouts (DOs) with their definitions. The purpose of this study was to identify how AEs and DOs were reported in randomized controlled trials of therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA).
methodsData sources were the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL. Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of therapeutic exercise for knee OA published from January 1, 1980, through July 23, 2020. Researchers independently extracted participant and intervention characteristics and determined whether a clear statement of and reasons for AEs and DOs existed. The primary outcome was exercise-related harm. Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scoring described study quality and risk of bias. Descriptive and inferential statistics characterized results. Meta-analysis was not performed due to data heterogeneity.
resultsOne hundred and thirteen studies (152 arms) from 25 countries were included, with 5909 participants exercising. PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 9. Exercise intensity was not specified in 57.9% of exercise arms. Fifty studies (44.2%) included an AE statement and 24 (21.2%) reported AEs, yielding 297 patients. One hundred and three studies (91.2%) had a DO statement. Sixteen studies (15.5%) provided reasons for DOs that could be classified as AEs among 39 patients, yielding a 13.1% increase in AEs. Thus, 336 patients (6.0%) experienced exercise-related harm among studies with a clear statement of AEs and DOs. A significant difference existed in misclassification of DOs pre- and post-CONSORT-2010 (12.2% vs 3.1%; $\chi^{2}_{1} = 21.2$).
conclusionsIn some studies, the reason for DOs could be considered AEs, leading to potential underreporting of harm. Improvements in reporting of harm were found pre- and post-CONSORT-2010. Greater clarity regarding AE and DO definitions and therapeutic exercise intensity are needed to determine safe dosing and mode of therapeutic exercise for knee OA. IMPACT: More adherence to the CONSORT statement is needed regarding reporting of and defining of AEs, DOs, and therapeutic exercise intensity; however, despite this, therapeutic exercise seems to be associated with minimal risk of harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.