Trial reportJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Time-Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure.
Trial report in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility Study to Increase Resilience Through an At-home Virtual Exercise Training (Res-ET) Intervention Using Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training (IMST)
The Efficacy of Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training on Coronary Blood Flow in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can resistance training alone or resistance training combined with aerobic training improve arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and other vascular function indicators in adults with hypertension or overweight/obesity-related vascular risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise interventions for the effect of endothelial function in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of breathing exercises on oxidative stress biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of inspiratory muscle strength training and aerobic exercise training on vascular function in patients with hypertension.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm and Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness with Fatty Liver Density in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Long Term Effects: A Double-Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial.Research in nursing & health · 2025Trial
- Benefits of inspiratory muscle training therapy in institutionalized adult people with cerebral palsy: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.Brain and behavior · 2024Trial
- Insights into the Serum Metabolic Adaptations in Response to Inspiratory Muscle Training: A Metabolomic Approach Based onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training increases cerebrovascular reactivity in midlife and older adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Trial
- Chronic mitochondria antioxidant treatment in older adults alters the circulating milieu to improve endothelial cell function and mitochondrial oxidative stress.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Trial
- A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Trial
- Time-Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Trial
- Combined respiratory muscle training and photobiomodulation improve systemic and tissue-specific redox homeostasis in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Does Resistance Training Provide Benefits that Are Comparable to Aerobic Exercise in Hypertension?Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Impact of multiple air pollutants on probable sarcopenia in the UK population: the mediating role of physical activity and biological aging.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Physical Activity and Exercise for Cardiometabolic Health and Fitness in CKD: An Overview by Exercise Type.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Influence of a diaphragmatic fatigue protocol in healthy male population on muscle strength, respiratory function and exercise capacity: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2025Article
- Contributions of Medications, Physical and Hydrotherapy Programs in Reducing Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The effect of MediYoga on sleep-quality, blood pressure and quality of life among older people with hypertension: study protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a novel, time-efficient physical training modality. Methods and Results We performed a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial to investigate whether 6 weeks of IMST (30 breaths/day, 6 days/week) improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in midlife/older adults (aged 50-79 years) with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg, while also investigating potential mechanisms and long-lasting effects. Thirty-six participants completed high-resistance IMST (75% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18) or low-resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18). IMST was safe, well tolerated, and had excellent adherence (≈95% of training sessions completed). Casual systolic blood pressure decreased from 135±2 mm Hg to 126±3 mm Hg (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.