Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34185318›Full record

ReviewClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2021

Genomewide Association Studies in Pharmacogenomics.

Gregory McInnes, Sook Wah Yee, Yash Pershad, Russ B Altman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Polygenic risk scores in pharmacogenomics: methodological challenges, current applications, and perspectives for clinical implementation.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Genome-Wide Association Study of Varenicline-Aided Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Pharmacogenomics of TNF inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Efferocytosis in atherosclerosis.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Gregory McInnesBiomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sook Wah YeeDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Yash PershadDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Russ B AltmanDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

UCSF-Stanford Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and InnovationU01FD005978 · FDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ALTMAN, RUSS BIAGIO, GIACOMINI, KATHLEEN M · 2016 to 2025
$34.5M
PharmGKB: pharmacogenomics discovery and implementationU24HG010615 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI TERI Ellen KLEIN, Michelle Whirl-Carrillo · 2020 to 2026
$9.5M
Equipment Supplement for Discovery of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3R01GM117163 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI FLOREZ, JOSE CARLOS, HEDDERSON, MONIQUE MARIE · 2015 to 2023
$5.5M
Undergraduate Summer Research Experiences Support for Combining systems biology and structural biology to find new therapeuticsR01GM102365 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ALTMAN, RUSS BIAGIO · 2012 to 2021
$3.0M
Equipment Supplement NOT-GM-24-021R01GM139875 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GIACOMINI, KATHLEEN M · 2021 to 2024
$1.9M
Biomedical Data Science Graduate Training at StanfordT32LM012409 · NLM · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PLEVRITIS, SYLVIA KATINA · 2016 to 2020
$1.5M
Chan Zuckerberg BiohubFDA HHS U01 FD005978NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG010615NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM102365NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM117163NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM139875NLM NIH HHS T32 LM012409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing availability of genotype data linked with information about drug-response phenotypes has enabled genomewide association studies (GWAS) that uncover genetic determinants of drug response. GWAS have discovered associations between genetic variants and both drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Despite these successes, the design of GWAS in pharmacogenomics (PGx) faces unique challenges. In this review, we analyze the last decade of GWAS in PGx. We review trends in publications over time, including the drugs and drug classes studied and the clinical phenotypes used. Several data sharing consortia have contributed substantially to the PGx GWAS literature. We anticipate increased focus on biobanks and highlight phenotypes that would best enable future PGx discoveries.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansPharmacogeneticsPhenotype

Identifiers

PMID34185318
PMCPMC8376796

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.