ReviewTranslational pediatrics2021
Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a narrative review of the history, current practice, and future directions.
Review in Translational pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Automated fetal magnetic resonance imaging lung segmentation for rapid lung volume estimation across diverse pulmonary hypoplasia phenotypes.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Effect of right- vs left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia and duration of tracheal occlusion on longitudinal lung-size changes.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Observational
- Cardiac Function in Fetuses with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Before and After Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Primary pulmonary hypoplasia masquerading as pneumonia in a preterm neonate and creating a diagnostic challenge: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Prenatal Management of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the Era of Genetic Screening and Emerging Opportunities in In Utero Therapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion-Synergic Therapies in the Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex-specific differences in the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia and implications for extracellular vesicle-based therapy.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- Fetoscopic Tracheal Occlusion for Isolated Severe Left Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Thoracic Biometry in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: exploring the intersection of personal experience and research.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Article
- Underlying genetic etiologies of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Prenatal diagnosis · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fetal intervention for fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been investigated for over 30 years and is summarized in this manuscript. The review begins with a discussion of the history of fetal intervention for this severe congenital anomaly beginning with open fetal surgery with repair of the anatomical defect, shifting towards tracheal occlusion via open surgery techniques, and finally fetoscopic endoluminal balloon tracheal occlusion using a percutaneous approach. The current technique of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) is described in detail with steps of the procedure and complementary figures. The main outcomes of single-institutional studies and multiple systematic reviews are examined and discussed. Despite these studies, the fetal community agrees that FETO remains investigational at this time as there is insufficient evidence to recommend it as the standard of care for CDH. A randomized controlled trial, The Tracheal Occlusion to Accelerate Lung Growth (TOTAL) trial, has been designed to attempt to answer this question in an elaborate, international, multi-institutional study and is described in the text. Finally, future directions of fetal intervention for antenatally diagnosed CDH are discussed, including options for non-isolated CDH, the Smart-TO balloon for nonoperative reversal of occlusion, and transplacental sildenafil for treatment of pulmonary hypertension prior to birth.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.