ArticleNeurobiology of stress2021
Telencephalic regulation of the HPA axis in birds.
Article in Neurobiology of stress, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Responses of Brown Kiwi (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms During Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in a wild vertebrate: dynamic interactions and health impacts.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Environmental change or choice during early rearing improves behavioural adaptability in laying hen chicks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect of estradiol and predator cues on behavior and brain responses of captive female house sparrows (Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Perspective: Chicken Models for Studying the Ontogenetic Origin of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Perspective: Gestational Tryptophan Fluctuation Altering Neuroembryogenesis and Psychosocial Development.Cells · 2022Article
- Understanding hippocampal neural plasticity in captivity: Unique contributions of spatial specialists.Learning & behavior · 2022Review
- Developmental-Based Classification of Enkephalin and Somatostatin Containing Neurons of the Chicken Central Extended Amygdala.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Distinct Subdivisions in the Transition Between Telencephalon and Hypothalamus Produce Otp and Sim1 Cells for the Extended Amygdala in Sauropsids.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2022Article
- Chick Hippocampal Formation Displays Subdivision- and Layer-Selective Expression Patterns of Serotonin Receptor Subfamily Genes.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the major output systems of the vertebrate stress response. It controls the release of cortisol or corticosterone from the adrenal gland. These hormones regulate a range of processes throughout the brain and body, with the main function of mobilizing energy reserves to improve coping with a stressful situation. This axis is regulated in response to both physical (e.g., osmotic) and psychological (e.g., social) stressors. In mammals, the telencephalon plays an important role in the regulation of the HPA axis response in particular to psychological stressors, with the amygdala and part of prefrontal cortex stimulating the stress response, and the hippocampus and another part of prefrontal cortex inhibiting the response to return it to baseline. Birds also mount HPA axis responses to psychological stressors, but much less is known about the telencephalic areas that control this response. This review summarizes which telencephalic areas in birds are connected to the HPA axis and are known to respond to stressful situations. The conclusion is that the telencephalic control of the HPA axis is probably an ancient system that dates from before the split between sauropsid and synapsid reptiles, but more research is needed into the functional relationships between the brain areas reviewed in birds if we want to understand the level of this conservation.
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