Evidence mapPaperPMID 34197486Full record

Trial reportPloS one2021

Home-based exercise for people living with frailty and chronic kidney disease: A mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial.

Andrew C Nixon, Theodoros M Bampouras, Helen J Gooch, Hannah M L Young, Kenneth W Finlayson, Neil Pendleton, Sandip Mitra, Mark E Brady, Ajay P Dhaygude

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Effect of a home-based resistance exercise program in elderly participants with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Frailty in Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review to Advance Its Clinical and Research Applications.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Andrew C NixonDepartment of Renal Medicine, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4093-6204
Theodoros M BampourasLancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8991-4655
Helen J GoochCentre for Health Research and Innovation, National Institute of Health Research Lancashire Clinical Research Facility, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom.
Hannah M L YoungDepartment of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4249-9060
Kenneth W FinlaysonResearch in Childbirth and Health Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
Neil PendletonDivision of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Sandip MitraManchester Academy of Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Mark E BradyDepartment of Renal Medicine, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom.
Ajay P DhaygudeDepartment of Renal Medicine, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom.
Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBLancaster University · GBManchester Academic Health Science Centre · GBUniversity of Lancashire · GBUniversity of Leicester · GBUniversity of Manchester · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrailty is associated with adverse health outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evidence supporting targeted interventions is needed. This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to inform the design of a definitive RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a home-based exercise intervention for pre-frail and frail older adults with CKD.

methodsParticipants were recruited from nephrology outpatient clinics to this two-arm parallel group mixed-methods pilot RCT. Inclusion criteria were: ≥65 years old; CKD G3b-5; and Clinical Frailty Scale score ≥4. Participants categorised as pre-frail or frail using the Frailty Phenotype were randomised to a 12-week progressive multi-component home-based exercise programme or usual care. Primary outcome measures included eligibility, recruitment, adherence, outcome measure completion and participant attrition rate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants to explore trial and intervention acceptability.

resultsSix hundred and sixty-five patients had an eligibility assessment with 217 (33%; 95% CI 29, 36) eligible. Thirty-five (16%; 95% CI 12, 22) participants were recruited. Six were categorised as robust and withdrawn prior to randomisation. Fifteen participants were randomised to exercise and 14 to usual care. Eleven (73%; 95% CI 45, 91) participants completed ≥2 exercise sessions/week. Retained participants completed all outcome measures (n = 21; 100%; 95% CI 81, 100). Eight (28%; 95% CI 13, 47) participants were withdrawn. Fifteen participated in interviews. Decision to participate/withdraw was influenced by perceived risk of exercise worsening symptoms. Participant perceived benefits included improved fitness, balance, strength, well-being, energy levels and confidence.

conclusionsThis pilot RCT demonstrates that progression to definitive RCT is possible provided recruitment and retention challenges are addressed. It has also provided preliminary evidence that home-based exercise may be beneficial for people living with frailty and CKD.

trial registrationISRCTN87708989; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFrail ElderlyHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMusculoskeletal PainOutcome Assessment, Health CarePilot ProjectsRenal Insufficiency, Chronic

Identifiers

PMID34197486
PMCPMC8248609
OpenAlexW3176163267

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.