ReviewBiomolecules2021
Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicle microRNAs in breastmilk of mothers with overweight and obesity: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Diet on miRNA Regulation and Its Implications for Health: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Milk: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal psychological distress, breast milk extracellular vesicles, and infant immunity: A translational study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Conserved Core and Species-Specific Signatures in the Milk Exosomal microRNA Targetome: A Preliminary Comparative In Silico Analysis of Human, Cow, Goat and Donkey Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Human milk exosomal-miR-144-5p alleviates neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Maternal Obesity and MicroRNAs in Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Developmental Programming.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Characterisation and Comparative Evaluation of miRNA Contained in Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Bovine Milk and Whey.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Breastmilk and medium-chain triglyceride supplementation: Retrospective study on outcomes in biliary atresia infants after Kasai.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Milk Fat Globule Membrane: Structural Organization, Bioactive Constituents, and Therapeutic Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating milk-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of maternal stress and environmental intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exclusive Breastfeeding Drives AMPK-Dependent Thermogenic Memory in BAT and Promotes Long-Term Metabolic Benefits in Offspring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Desert Milk Exosomes in LPS-Induced Cognitive Decline: Role of Microglial M2 Polarization and AMPK Signaling.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Colostrum- and Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles modulate gut microbiota and alleviate atopic dermatitis via the gut-skin axis.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in atopic dermatitis: unraveling pathogenic mediators and engineering therapeutic vectors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Exosomes in Offspring Metabolic Programming in Gestational Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Applications.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding and prevention of childhood obesity: a narrative review of behavioral, hormonal, and microbiome programming.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.