ReviewNutrients2021
A Review of Topical and Systemic Vitamin Supplementation in Ocular Surface Diseases.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy of Oral Vitamin Supplementation in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Guideline
- Bridging Therapeutics and Nanotechnology in Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Risk Factors, Drug Delivery Barriers, and Recent and Future Endeavors for Disease Management.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Impaired retinoic acid receptor-γ signaling underlies a heritable form of urothelial keratinizing squamous metaplasia.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Vitamin abnormalities in neuropathic corneal pain.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Upregulated miR-1298-5p sparks inflammatory onset and orchestrates pediatric dry eye disease progression.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Pterygium Pathophysiology-A Possible New Therapeutic Perspective and Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha- and Beta-Mediated Signaling Regulates Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Keratinization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Bitot's spot without hypovitaminosis A.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among people living with Sjögren's: a cross-sectional survey using a modified international CAM questionnaire (I-CAM-Q).Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Executive summary: British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Corneal protective effects of a new ophthalmic formulation based on vitamin B12 and sodium hyaluronate.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ocular Manifestations of IBD: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Iatrogenic Associations of Emerging Treatment Strategies.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Reticulated Retinoic Acid Synthesis is Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye in Aqp5 Deficiency Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Alteration of Gene Expression in Pathological Keratinization of the Ocular Surface.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- New advances in medical management of dry eye: optimizing treatment strategies for enhanced relief.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Tear film lipid layer and corneal oxygenation: a new function?Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the homeostasis of the ocular surface, vitamins play a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell differentiation, development and correct function. Systemic vitamin supplementation has been available for many decades; in recent years, thanks to pharmacological advancements, topical vitamin delivery has also become available in an attempt to better treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and dry eye disease (DED). In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on the role of vitamin supplementation in OSD and DED. We originally searched the PubMed archive, inspected the references and restricted the search to pertinent papers. The body of evidence was evaluated using the amelioration of both signs and symptoms as the outcome, when available. We found that in patients with vitamin deficiency, systemic supplementation of Vitamin A is effective in treating OSD, reducing both DED signs and symptoms. Additionally, systemic supplementation of vitamin D is useful in reducing DED symptoms and increasing tear volume. Vitamin A is also effective in reducing DED signs and symptoms when administered locally. The efficacy of supplementation with other vitamins is still not fully proven. In conclusion, the inclusion of vitamins into the treatment strategies for OSD and DED allows for better treatment customization and better outcomes in these patients.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.