ArticleBMC public health2021
Selling cannabidiol products in Canada: A framing analysis of advertising claims by online retailers.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The prevalence of cannabidiol (CBD) use in North America and Europe: A meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Cannabidiol in Food and Food Supplements: Drug, Novel Food and Hazard Triangle.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) on reducing pain and functional impairment associated with exercise-induced muscle injury: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility trial.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Characterization of Cannabis users and products and the experience of negative mental emotions following Cannabis use.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol in Foods and Food Supplements: Evaluation of Health Risks and Health Claims.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Acceptability of and attitudes to the therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabidiol in people with Parkinson's disease: A French survey.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
- Selling vs. Supporting Motherhood: How Corporate Sponsors Frame the Parenting Experiences of Elite and Olympic Athletes.Communication & sport · 2023Article
- Cannabidiol Marketing Strategies in the United States: An Analysis of Three Prominent Companies.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Article
- Association of cannabis, cannabidiol and synthetic cannabinoid use with mental health in UK adolescents.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2023Article
- Safety and risks of CBD oils purchased online: unveiling uncertain quality and vague health claims.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Application of Capital Asset Pricing Model Based on BP Neural Network in E-commerce Financing.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- CBD Retailers in NC Promote CBD Online to Treat Pain Violating FDA Rules About Medical Claims and Offer Low-CBD/High-Price Products.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Canada, the legalization of cannabis has enabled cannabidiol (CBD) to become a popular commercial product, increasingly used for medical or therapeutic purposes. There are currently over one thousand CBD products available globally, ranging from oil extracts to CBD-infused beverages. Despite increased usage and availability, the evidence supporting the medical efficacy of CBD is limited. Anecdotal evidence suggests CBD sellers represent their products for medical use through direct medical claims or advice, which in Canada, is not allowed under the Cannabis Act without Health Canada approval. However, it is not clear the extent of sellers making health claims or other strategies used to promote medical usage of CBD. The objective of this study is to determine how CBD sellers advertise their products online to consumers.
methodsThe product descriptions of 2165 CBD products from 70 websites selling CBD products for human consumption in Canada were collected from January 14th
resultsCBD products are framed to prospective customer through three distinct frames: a specific cure or treatment (n = 1153), a natural health product (n = 872), and a product used in certain ways to achieve particular results (n = 1388). Product descriptions contained medical or therapeutic claims for 171 medical conditions and ailments, with 53.3% of products containing at least one claim. The most prevalent claims found in product descriptions were the ability to treat or manage pain (n = 824), anxiety (n = 609), and inflammation (n = 545). Claims were found for treating or managing serious and-life-threatening illnesses such as multiple sclerosis (n = 210), arthritis (n = 179), cancer (n = 169), Crohn's disease (n = 78), Parkinson's disease (n = 59), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 54). CBD most often came in oil/tincture/concentrate form (n = 755), followed by edibles (n = 428), and vaporizer pen/cartridge/liquid products (n = 290).
conclusionThe findings suggest CBD is represented as a medical option for numerous conditions and ailments. We recommend Health Canada to conduct a systematic audit of companies selling CBD for regulatory adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.