Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
An Observational Cohort Study on the Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and B.1.1.7 Variant Infection in Healthcare Workers by Antibody and Vaccination Status.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection: interim results of a living systematic review, 1 January to 14 May 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Quantification of the IgG antibody response half-life for hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Tracking vaccine effectiveness in an evolving pandemic, countering misleading hot takes and epidemiologic fallacies.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Peptide immunoarrays for rationale development of vaccines with enhanced cross-reactivity.PloS one · 2025Article
- The landscape of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants: Insights from a stratified vaccination cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Modelling the impact of hybrid immunity on future COVID-19 epidemic waves.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Ethno-demographic disparities in humoral responses to the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Transmission and Risk Factors of COVID-19 among Health Care Workers.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Blocking Immunity Post Natural Infection: The Role of Vitamin D.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a Second Dose of an mRNA Vaccine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Infection in Individuals Previously Infected by Other Variants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Durability of Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Sources of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure among healthcare personnel (HCP) in a large tertiary-care medical center.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reveals distinct kinetics and emergence of cross-neutralizing antibodies to variants of concern.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Clinical and laboratory considerations: determining an antibody-based composite correlate of risk for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Rationale for combined therapies in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNatural and vaccine-induced immunity will play a key role in controlling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 variants have the potential to evade natural and vaccine-induced immunity.
methodsIn a longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, we investigated the protection from symptomatic and asymptomatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection conferred by vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2, Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCOV-19) and prior infection (determined using anti-spike antibody status), using Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, temporal changes in incidence and role. We estimated protection conferred after 1 versus 2 vaccinations and from infections with the B.1.1.7 variant identified using whole genome sequencing.
resultsIn total, 13 109 HCWs participated; 8285 received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (1407 two doses), and 2738 the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine (49 two doses). Compared to unvaccinated seronegative HCWs, natural immunity and 2 vaccination doses provided similar protection against symptomatic infection: no HCW vaccinated twice had symptomatic infection, and incidence was 98% lower in seropositive HCWs (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.02 [95% confidence interval {CI} < .01-.18]). Two vaccine doses or seropositivity reduced the incidence of any PCR-positive result with or without symptoms by 90% (0.10 [95% CI .02-.38]) and 85% (0.15 [95% CI .08-.26]), respectively. Single-dose vaccination reduced the incidence of symptomatic infection by 67% (0.33 [95% CI .21-.52]) and any PCR-positive result by 64% (0.36 [95% CI .26-.50]). There was no evidence of differences in immunity induced by natural infection and vaccination for infections with S-gene target failure and B.1.1.7.
conclusionsNatural infection resulting in detectable anti-spike antibodies and 2 vaccine doses both provide robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including against the B.1.1.7 variant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.