Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34222391›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2021

Epidemiology of Trypanosomiasis in Wildlife-Implications for Humans at the Wildlife Interface in Africa.

Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Gerald Zirintunda, Fred Ssempijja, Bridget Buyinza, Khalid J Alzahrani, Kevin Matama, Helen N Nakimbugwe, Luay Alkazmi, David Onanyang, Paul Bogere and 10 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  12. Review
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  14. Article
  15. European Brown hare (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025
    Article
  16. The Study onInsects · 2025
    Article
  17. Evasive mechanisms of human VSG and PfEMP1 antigens with link to Vaccine scenario: a review.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Trypanosoma evansi in Brazil: first evidence of infection in equines from Northeast region.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Keneth Iceland KasoziInfection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Gerald ZirintundaDepartment of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda.
Fred SsempijjaFaculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
Bridget BuyinzaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Khalid J AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Kevin MatamaSchool of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
Helen N NakimbugweDepartment of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda.
Luay AlkazmiBiology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
David OnanyangDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
Paul BogereFaculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Muni University, Arua, Uganda.
Juma John OchiengFaculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
Saher IslamDepartment of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Wycliff MatovuCollege of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
David Paul NalumenyaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Gaber El-Saber BatihaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
Lawrence Obado OsuwatSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda.
Mahmoud AbdelhamidDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
Tianren ShenInfection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Leonard OmadangDepartment of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda.
Susan Christina WelburnInfection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While both human and animal trypanosomiasis continue to present as major human and animal public health constraints globally, detailed analyses of trypanosome wildlife reservoir hosts remain sparse. African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) affects both livestock and wildlife carrying a significant risk of spillover and cross-transmission of species and strains between populations. Increased human activity together with pressure on land resources is increasing wildlife-livestock-human infections. Increasing proximity between human settlements and grazing lands to wildlife reserves and game parks only serves to exacerbate zoonotic risk. Communities living and maintaining livestock on the fringes of wildlife-rich ecosystems require to have in place methods of vector control for prevention of AAT transmission and for the treatment of their livestock. Major

Indexed as

human African trypanosomiasishuman-wildlife interactionssleeping sicknessTrypanosoma brucei gambienseTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiensetrypanosomes in wildlifewildlife-livestock interactions

Identifiers

PMID34222391
PMCPMC8248802

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.