ArticleGenetic epidemiology2021
The X factor: A robust and powerful approach to X-chromosome-inclusive whole-genome association studies.
Article in Genetic epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Better together against genetic heterogeneity: A sex-combined joint main and interaction analysis of 290 quantitative traits in the UK Biobank.PLoS genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Association ofCancer genomics & proteomicsPooled it
- X chromosome-wide association studies for quantitative trait loci based on the mixture of general pedigrees and additional unrelated individuals.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- X chromosome association analyses using multiple models identifies 18 genetic loci influencing dietary intake in UK Biobank.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- On the analysis of genetic association with long-read sequencing data.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Studies of Delay Discounting and Impulsive Personality Traits in Children From the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development Study.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- X-chromosome-wide association study for Alzheimer's disease.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Aging activates escape of the silent X chromosome in the female mouse hippocampus.Science advances · 2025Article
- Longitudinal characterization of impulsivity phenotypes boosts signal for genomic correlates and heritability.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The X chromosome's influences on the human brain.Science advances · 2025Article
- Genetic and Epigenetic Association ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Consistent cord blood DNA methylation signatures of gestational age between South Asian and white European cohorts.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Comprehensive whole-genome analyses of the UK Biobank reveal significant sex differences in both genotype missingness and allele frequency on the X chromosome.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- Effects of sex and gender on the etiologies and presentation of select internalizing psychopathologies.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Statistical Learning of Large-Scale Genetic Data: How to Run a Genome-Wide Association Study of Gene-Expression Data Using the 1000 Genomes Project Data.Statistics in biosciences · 2024Article
- The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- SLCO5A1 and synaptic assembly genes contribute to impulsivity in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.NPJ genomic medicine · 2023Article
- eXclusionarY: 10 years later, where are the sex chromosomes in GWASs?American journal of human genetics · 2023Review
- Review
- HostSeq: a Canadian whole genome sequencing and clinical data resource.BMC genomic data · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The X-chromosome is often excluded from genome-wide association studies because of analytical challenges. Some of the problems, such as the random, skewed, or no X-inactivation model uncertainty, have been investigated. Other considerations have received little to no attention, such as the value in considering nonadditive and gene-sex interaction effects, and the inferential consequence of choosing different baseline alleles (i.e., the reference vs. the alternative allele). Here we propose a unified and flexible regression-based association test for X-chromosomal variants. We provide theoretical justifications for its robustness in the presence of various model uncertainties, as well as for its improved power when compared with the existing approaches under certain scenarios. For completeness, we also revisit the autosomes and show that the proposed framework leads to a more robust approach than the standard method. Finally, we provide supporting evidence by revisiting several published association studies. Supporting Information for this article are available online.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.