ReviewDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2021
An Overview of Similarities and Differences in Metabolic Actions and Effects of Central Nervous System Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) and Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2is).
Review in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05262257 (Evaluation and Intervention of Cognitive Function in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation and Intervention of Cognitive Function in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improvement of irritable bowel syndrome with glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Psychiatric Safety Signals of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A FAERS-Based Pharmacovigilance Study with Explainable Machine Learning.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic effects of finerenone on blood pressure and heart rate in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for major neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Unlocking the multifaceted roles of GLP-1: Physiological functions and therapeutic potential.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- The Risk of Vestibular Disorders with Semaglutide and Tirzepatide: Findings from a Large Real-World Cohort.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Research progress on oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Animal studies on the modulation of differential efficacy of polyethylene glycol loxenatide by intestinal flora.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Renal Micro-Vasculopathy and Systemic Aldosterone-Renin Ratio (ARR) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Retrospective Real-World Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Incretin-based therapy: a new horizon in diabetes management.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Empagliflozin Attenuates High-Glucose-Induced Astrocyte Activation and Inflammation via NF-κB Pathway.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- 12-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes of semaglutide use for type 2 diabetes: a propensity-score matched cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- The SGLT2 inhibitor Empagliflozin promotes post-stroke functional recovery in diabetic mice.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Potential for reducing resting sympathetic nerve activity with new classes of glucose-lowering drugs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between the Blood-Brain-Barrier and the Central Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
- GLP-1 receptor agonist as a modulator of innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Reduced Fibromyalgia Risk in Patients With Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation Study.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) are novel antidiabetic medications associated with considerable cardiovascular benefits therapying treatment of diabetic patients. GLP-1 exhibits atherosclerosis resistance, whereas SGLT-2i acts to ameliorate the neuroendocrine state in the patients with chronic heart failure. Despite their distinct modes of action, both factors share pathways by regulating the central nervous system (CNS). While numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 can access various nuclei associated with energy homeostasis and hedonic eating in the CNS via blood-brain barrier (BBB), research on the activity of SGLT-2is remains limited. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that both GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) liraglutide and exenatide, as well as an SGLT-2i, dapagliflozin, could activate various nuclei and pathways in the CNS of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Moreover, our results revealed similarities and differences in neural pathways, which possibly regulated different metabolic effects of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i via sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in the CNS, such as feeding, blood glucose regulation and cardiovascular activities (arterial blood pressure and heart rate control). In the present article, we extensively discuss recent preclinical studies on the effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is on the CNS actions, with the aim of providing a theoretical explanation on their mechanism of action in improvement of the macro-cardiovascular risk and reducing incidence of diabetic complications. Overall, these findings are expected to guide future drug design approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.