ArticleJournal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
The use of hypercapnic conditions to assess opioid-induced respiratory depression in rats.
Article in Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypothalamic Glutamatergic/Orexinergic Neurons Attenuate Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression via Medullary Pre-BöTzinger Complex Pathways.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Fentanyl analog structure-activity relationships demonstrate determinants of diverging potencies for antinociception and respiratory depression.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- Role of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist efficacy as a determinant of opioid antinociception in a novel assay of pain-depressed behavior in female and male mice.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Opioid-like adverse effects of tianeptine in male rats and mice.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl analogs are opioid receptor-mediated.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWhole-body plethysmography (WBP) in unrestrained, non-anesthetized rodents is a preclinical method to assess the respiratory depressant effects of opioids, the leading cause of opioid overdose death in humans. However, low baseline respiration rates under normocapnic conditions (i.e., "floor" effect) can render the measurement of respiratory decreases challenging. We assessed hypercapnia-induced increases in respiration as a strategy to assess opioid-induced decreases in respiration in rats.
methodsWBP was used to assess respiration frequency, tidal volume and minute volume in the presence of normocapnic and hypercapnic (8% CO RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Hypercapnia-induced increases in respiratory parameters (frequency, minute volume, and tidal volume) were decreased by fentanyl at doses that did not decrease the same parameters under the normocapnic conditions. These findings show that hypercapnia increases sensitivity to respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl, as compared with assessments during the rat diurnal period when activity and breathing rate are generally low, i.e., there is a floor effect. The current approach is highly sensitive to opioid-induced respiratory depression, and therefore provides a useful method for assessment in a pre-clinical setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.