ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Fetal Cardiac Lipid Sensing Triggers an Early and Sex-related Metabolic Energy Switch in Intrauterine Growth Restriction.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes on the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in Offspring: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Integrative Multi-Omics Reveal Silibinin Alleviates Heat Stress-Driven Hepatic Lipid Disruption in Laying Hens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-specific cardiac remodeling and metabolic reprogramming in IUGR F2 fetuses following glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicide exposure.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Associations of neonatal birth outcomes with amino acids and acylcarnitines: an observational study of over 3.3 million newborns in China.BMC medicine · 2025Observational
- Compromised cardiopulmonary transition in fetal growth restricted and small for gestational age neonates.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Clinical analysis and predictive value of early serum lipid levels in very premature and extremely preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a 4 years retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Research Progress of Maternal Metabolism on Cardiac Development and Function in Offspring.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Oral pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) during pregnancy increases cardiomyocyte endowment in spontaneous IUGR guinea pigs.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Developmental programming: adverse sexually dimorphic transcriptional programming of gestational testosterone excess in cardiac left ventricle of fetal sheep.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fetal growth restriction and stillbirth: Biomarkers for identifying at risk fetuses.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction Induces Adulthood Chronic Metabolic Disorder in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Fetal Cardiac Lipid Sensing Triggers an Early and Sex-related Metabolic Energy Switch in Intrauterine Growth Restriction.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an immediate outcome of an adverse womb environment, exposing newborns to developing cardiometabolic disorders later in life.
objectiveThis study investigates the cardiac metabolic consequences and underlying mechanism of energy expenditure in developing fetuses under conditions of IUGR.
methodsUsing an animal model of IUGR characterized by uteroplacental vascular insufficiency, mitochondrial function, gene profiling, lipidomic analysis, and transcriptional assay were determined in fetal cardiac tissue and cardiomyocytes.
resultsIUGR fetuses exhibited an upregulation of key genes associated with fatty acid breakdown and β-oxidation (Acadvl, Acadl, Acaa2), and mitochondrial carnitine shuttle (Cpt1a, Cpt2), instigating a metabolic gene reprogramming in the heart. Induction of Ech1, Acox1, Acox3, Acsl1, and Pex11a indicated a coordinated interplay with peroxisomal β-oxidation and biogenesis mainly observed in females, suggesting sexual dimorphism in peroxisomal activation. Concurring with the sex-related changes, mitochondrial respiration rates were stronger in IUGR female fetal cardiomyocytes, accounting for enhanced adenosine 5'-triphosphate production. Mitochondrial biogenesis was induced in fetal hearts with elevated expression of Ppargc1a transcript specifically in IUGR females. Lipidomic analysis identified the accumulation of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in IUGR fetal hearts, which leads to nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transcriptional activation in cardiomyocytes. Also, the enrichment of H3K27ac chromatin marks to PPARα-responsive metabolic genes in IUGR fetal hearts outlines an epigenetic control in the early metabolic energy switch.
conclusionThis study describes a premature and sex-related remodeling of cardiac metabolism in response to an unfavorable intrauterine environment, with specific LCFAs that may serve as predictive effectors leading to IUGR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.