Evidence mapPaperPMID 34258613Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021

A guide for authors and readers of the American Society for Nutrition Journals on the proper use of P values and strategies that promote transparency and improve research reproducibility.

John D Sorkin, Mark Manary, Paul A M Smeets, Amanda J MacFarlane, Arne Astrup, Ronald L Prigeon, Beth B Hogans, Jack Odle, Teresa A Davis, Katherine L Tucker and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. ASN guidelines on P values.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Article
  10. Reply to Verhoef et al.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

John D SorkinGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2496-0965
Mark ManaryDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2733-9568
Paul A M SmeetsDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8695-9612
Amanda J MacFarlaneNutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3208-3483
Arne AstrupNovo Nordisk Foundation, Centre for Healthy Weight, Hellerup, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-8968-8996
Ronald L PrigeonIndependent Scholar, Baltimore MD, USA.
Beth B HogansGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jack OdleDepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4965-2096
Teresa A DavisUSDA/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Katherine L TuckerDepartment of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7640-662X
Christopher P DugganCenter for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Deirdre K TobiasDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0020-9552

Funding

ROLE OF DIETARY CONSTITUENTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN INTESTINAL EPITHELIUMP30DK040561 · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · 1994 to 2025
$6.0M
University of Maryland Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC)P30AG028747 · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · 2025 to 2025
$1.2M
CORE--GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGYP30DK072488 · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · 2005 to 2005
$1.0M
Evidence-Based Multidimensional Pain Self-Management Planning: Personalized by and for Veterans via Web-Based ApplicationI21RX003169 · VA · BALTIMORE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI BETH B HOGANS · 2021 to 2021
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG028747NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK104676NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK040561NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072488RRD VA I21 RX003169RRD VA I21 RX004412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two questions regarding the scientific literature have become grist for public discussion: 1) what place should P values have in reporting the results of studies? 2) How should the perceived difficulty in replicating the results reported in published studies be addressed? We consider these questions to be 2 sides of the same coin; failing to address them can lead to an incomplete or incorrect message being sent to the reader. If P values (which are derived from the estimate of the effect size and a measure of the precision of the estimate of the effect) are used improperly, for example reporting only significant findings, or reporting P values without account for multiple comparisons, or failing to indicate the number of tests performed, the scientific record can be biased. Moreover, if there is a lack of transparency in the conduct of a study and reporting of study results, it will not be possible to repeat a study in a manner that allows inferences from the original study to be reproduced or to design and conduct a different experiment whose aim is to confirm the original study's findings. The goal of this article is to discuss how P values can be used in a manner that is consistent with the scientific method, and to increase transparency and reproducibility in the conduct and analysis of nutrition research.

Indexed as

DisclosureNutritional SciencesPeriodicals as TopicReproducibility of ResultsResearch DesignEditorial PoliciesHumansPublishingUnited StatesP valuereliabilityreproducibilitystrategiestransparency

Identifiers

PMID34258613
PMCPMC8488872

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.