ArticleJournal of virology2021
Mechanisms of Antiviral Cytotoxic CD4 T Cell Differentiation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD11c + microglia: From basic research to clinical application.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Whole-body irradiation causes long-term impairments in the maintenance and function of naïve CD4 T cells specific for self- and non-self-antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Local and circulating cytotoxic CD4medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive tissue-resident memory T lymphocytes-concepts, evidence, and open questions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Conditional T and NK cell antagonism by a giant and highly conserved orthopoxvirus virulence factor.Research square · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their dual role in modulating blood-brain barrier integrity in immune-mediated neurological pathologies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- TIM-3 ameliorates host responses to Salmonella infection by controlling iron driven CD4EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic Signature and IFN-γ Production Dominate CD4Immunology · 2025Article
- HIF-1α Pathway in COVID-19: A Scoping Review of Its Modulation and Related Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting PD-1 and CD85j can restore intratumoral CD4Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Repertoire-based mapping and time-tracking of T helper cell subsets in scRNA-Seq.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD4Trends in cancer · 2024Review
- The roles of CD4Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Immune responses in COVID-19 patients: Insights into cytokine storms and adaptive immunity kinetics.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15.Cell reports · 2023Article
- T helper 1 effector memory CD4Cell reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4-CTL) are important in antiviral immunity. For example, we have previously shown that in mice, CD4-CTL are important to control ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection. How viral infections induce CD4-CTL responses remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate here that not only ECTV but also vaccinia virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induce CD4-CTL, though the response to ECTV is stronger. Using ECTV, we also demonstrate that in contrast to CD8-CTL, CD4-CTL differentiation requires constant virus replication and ceases once the virus is controlled. We also show that major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on CD11c
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.