ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
The Role of Pulmonary Surfactants in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- SDPR-STK38 axis controls the proliferation-differentiation balance in alveolar type II cells.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Surfactant Protein-D Gene Polymorphism on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Current Insights into Clinical, Molecular, and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Surfactant therapy for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome: time to revisit?Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Review
- Bacterial expression, purification and folding of exceptionally hydrophobic and essential protein: Surfactant Protein-B (SP-B).PloS one · 2025Article
- Glucose-albumin ratio (GAR) as a novel biomarker for predicting postoperative pneumonia (POP) in older adults with hip fractures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A therapy for suppressing canonical and noncanonical SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and an intrinsic intrapulmonary inflammatory response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Inhalable hybrid nanovaccines with virus-biomimetic structure boost protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Editorial: Endocytic and trafficking events in acute lung injury and pulmonary inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Xenon-Induced Recovery of Functional Activity of Pulmonary Surfactant (In Silico Study).Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Adsorption of pulmonary and exogeneous surfactants on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Journal of colloid and interface science · 2023Article
- Pulmonary drug delivery for acute respiratory distress syndrome.Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Key Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Interaction with Macrophages in Promoting Repair of Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Significance of Lipids for the Absorption and Release of Oxygen in Biological Organisms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Alveolar macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: origin, function, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Metabolomic characterization benefits the identification of acute lung injury in patients with type A acute aortic dissection.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Hypertonic treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Fibrosis, Thrombosis and Surfactant Dysfunction in the Lungs of Severe COVID-19 Patients.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), consisting of proteins and lipids. The lipids in PS are primarily responsible for reducing the air-fluid surface tension inside the alveoli of the lungs and to prevent atelectasis. The proteins are of two types: hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic surfactants are primarily responsible for opsonisation, thereby protecting the lungs from microbial and environmental contaminants. Hydrophobic surfactants are primarily responsible for respiratory function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the lungs through ACE-2 receptors on lungs and replicates in AT-II cells leading to the etiology of Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 virus damages the AT-II cells and results in decreased production of PS. The clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients are like those of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The PS treatment is first-line treatment option for NRDS and found to be well tolerated in ARDS patients with inconclusive efficacy. Over the past 70°years, a lot of research is underway to produce natural/synthetic PS and developing systems for delivering PS directly to the lungs, in addition to finding the association between PS levels and respiratory illnesses. In the present COVID-19 pandemic situation, the scientific community all over the world is searching for the effective therapeutic options to improve the clinical outcomes. With a strong scientific and evidence-based background on role of PS in lung homeostasis and infection, few clinical trials were initiated to evaluate the functions of PS in COVID-19. Here, we connect the data on PS with reference to pulmonary physiology and infection with its possible therapeutic benefit in COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.